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Mr. Pravin is famous for his grasp on General Studies in Siliguri and is a co-partner at one and only thedhronas.com.

General Studies Faculty

The Dhronas offers a convenient solution for keeping abreast of global weekly current affairs. Our aim is to provide succinct and enlightening digests of the week's most significant news stories, saving you valuable time typically spent sifting through lengthy news articles. Our weekly current affairs summaries cater to individuals with busy schedules, delivering concise, engaging, and easily digestible content that spans diverse subjects, including politics, business, sports, and entertainment.

In today's blog, we'll delve into the weekly current affairs spanning from October 1st to October 6th, 2023. By exploring these current affairs, you can remain well-informed. Additionally, you have the option to download a PDF version of the weekly current affairs for your convenience. Let's check this news from West Bengal.

<h2 id="content-id-1605-0">Weekly Current Affairs of West Bengal</h2>

<h3>West Bengal fined for waste management failure</h3>

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has imposed a fine of Rs 3,500 crore on West Bengal for failing to manage its solid and liquid waste. The NGT noted that the state has been violating environmental norms for several years and has not taken adequate steps to address the problem.

<h3>West Bengal's Duare Ration Scheme declared void</h3>

The Calcutta High Court has held that the West Bengal Government's Duare Ration Scheme is illegal. The court ruled that the scheme violates the principles of transparency and accountability under the National Food Security Act, 2013.

<img alt="West Bengal Duare Ration Scheme declared void" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal Duare Ration Scheme declared void.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Telegraph India]

<h3>West Bengal cabinet approves formation of Legislative Council</h3>

The West Bengal cabinet has approved the formation of the Legislative Council, the upper house of the state legislature. The state had a bicameral legislature until 1969, when the Legislative Council was abolished. At present, only six states in India have Legislative Councils.

<h3>WBPCB launches buses with air purifiers</h3>

The West Bengal Pollution Control Board has launched buses with air purifiers in the state capital, Kolkata, to reduce pollution levels in the city. This is a pilot project in collaboration with scientists from IIT Delhi.

<h3>JNV Nadia, West Bengal, wins National Youth Parliament Competition</h3>

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal won the first prize in the 24th National Youth Parliament Competition, 2022-23. The competition is organized by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs for students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas.

<img alt="NV Nadia West Bengal wins National Youth Parliament Competition" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/JNV Nadia West Bengal wins National Youth Parliament Competition.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Press Information Bureau]

<h3>New scheme for farmers and fishermen in West Bengal</h3>

The West Bengal government has announced a new scheme to provide financial assistance to farmers and fishermen who have suffered losses due to natural calamities. The scheme will provide financial assistance of up to Rs. 25,000 per hectare to farmers who have lost their crops due to floods, droughts, or other natural disasters. Fishermen who have lost their boats or fishing gear will also be eligible for financial assistance.

<h3>New selection committee for West Bengal cricket team</h3>

The West Bengal Cricket Association has announced the new selection committee for the state team. The committee is headed by former cricketer Sourav Ganguly and includes other former cricketers such as Laxmi Ratan Shukla and Deep Dasgupta.

<h3>West Bengal government launches tourism promotion campaign</h3>

The West Bengal government has launched a new campaign to promote tourism in the state. The campaign is aimed at attracting both domestic and international tourists to West Bengal.

<h3>West Bengal CM meets PM Modi</h3>

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee met Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Delhi on October 6, 2023. The two leaders discussed a number of issues, including the state's financial situation and the upcoming Durga Puja festival.

<img alt="West Bengal CM meets PM Modi" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal CM meets PM Modi.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Image Source: Scroll.in]

<h2 id="content-id-1605-1">National Weekly Current Affairs</h2>

<h3>Sankalp Saptah launched</h3>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a unique week-long programme for Aspirational Blocks in the country called Sankalp Saptaah at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. It is linked to effective implementation of Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP).

<h3>56th Network Planning Group Meeting under PM Gatishakti</h3>

The 56th Network Planning Group Meeting under PM Gatishakti assessed six project proposals including four projects under MoRTH and two projects under Ministry of Railways with a total project cost of 52,000 crore. It was held under the chairmanship of Special Secretary Logistics, DPIIT, Sumita Dawra at Yashobhoomi Convention Center.

<img alt="56th Network Planning Group Meeting under PM Gatishakti" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/56th Network Planning Group Meeting under PM Gatishakti.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>CRIIIO 4 GOOD modules launched</h3>

The Union Minister for Education and Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Shri Dharmendra Pradhan launched "CRIIIO 4 GOOD", a new online, life skills learning modules to promote gender equality among girls and boys. It will empower young people towards Gender Equality.

<h3>Uttar Pradesh achieves 100 percent ODF Plus Coverage</h3>

Uttar Pradesh has achieved a major milestone under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) with all 95,767 villages in the State achieving 100% ODF Plus status. An ODF plus Village is one which has sustained its Open Defecation Free Status along with implementing either solid or liquid waste management systems.

<img alt="Uttar Pradesh achieves 100 percent ODF Plus Coverage" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Uttar Pradesh achieves 100 percent ODF Plus Coverage.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: sbm.gov.in]

<h3>Tripura launched E-Cabinet System</h3>

Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha launched an e-Cabinet system at Agartala to promote digital infrastructure development and digitisation of government services and information. It became the fourth state to introduce an e-Cabinet system.

<h3>National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)</h3>

Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah inaugurated the permanent campus of National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. NIPERs are laying the foundation of making a self-reliant India in the Pharmaceutical sector by becoming a bridge connecting knowledge, education, research and business.

<h3>PATA Travel Mart 2023</h3>

The Ministry of Tourism will be hosting the 46th edition of the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) Travel mart 2023 at the International Exhibition cum Convention Centre (IECC), Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. The mart will bring together tourism professionals and business stakeholders from across the world.

<h3>Status Quo on Archaka Appointments in TN Temples</h3>

The Supreme Court of India recently issued an order maintaining Status Quo on appointments of Archakas (Priests) in Tamil Nadu temples governed by Agamic tradition. A writ petition was filed by an association of the Archakas.

<h3>Intelligent Grievance Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0</h3>

Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the IGMS 2.0 Public Grievance Portal and Automated Analysis in Tree Dashboard Portal of the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG). The IGMS 2.0 dashboard has been implemented by IIT Kanpur upgrading DARPG Information Systems (CPGRAMS) with Artificial Intelligence.

<img alt="Intelligent Grievance Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Intelligent Grievance Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>40 Indian Startups unite against Google</h3>

Forty Indian Startups and Companies have united to form a task Force to challenge Google Play Billing Systems (GPBS). The task force has been established under the auspices of the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI).

<h3>Jewar Airport gets DXN code</h3>

The Global Aviation Body -International Air Transport Association (IATA) has given a unique three letter code "DXN" to Noida International Greenfield Airport being developed at Jewar. This code is given to every airport as it is used globally for location identification. It is similar to Pincode and is governed by IATA resolution 763.

<h3>Cross Country Bike Expedition with Yashaswini</h3>

The Central Reserve Police Force in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development is organizing a cross country bike Expedition with "Yashaswini", a group of CRPF women bikers to celebrate women power or Nari Shakti of the country. A total of 150 women CRPF Officers will embark for the cross country rally.

<h3>Formation of National Turmeric Board </h3>

The Prime Minister during his visit to Telangana announced the formation of the National Turmeric Board fulfilling long pending demands of the Turmeric farmers. Farmers in Telangana particularly produce Turmeric in huge quantities. Nizamabad, Nirmal and Jagtial districts are known for huge cultivation of Turmeric.

<img alt="Formation of National Turmeric Board " src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Formation of National Turmeric Board .webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: @narendramodi/X]

<h3>Launch of New Khadi India Outlet at IIT DELHI</h3>

Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) of India has inaugurated a newly renovated Khadi India Outlet in IIT campus, Delhi on the occasion of Gandhi Jayanti. Chairman KVIC Manoj Kumar launched the Outlet in IIT Shopping complex inspired by the vision of PMs Khadi for Nation, Khadi for Fashion and Khadi for Transformation.

<h3>4th National EMRS Cultural, Literary and Kala Utsav-2023</h3>

The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is organising the 4th National EMRS Cultural, Literary and Kala Utsav 2023 in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The four day event will witness participation of over 1500+ Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) students from across the country.

<h3>Bihar Caste Survey</h3>

The Bihar government has released the results of its Survey of Castes in the state. The survey revealed that Backward and Extremely Backward Classes constitute 63 percent of the state's total population. Bihar's population stood at a little over 13.07 crore of which EBCs were the largest social segment followed by Backward Classes.

<h3>5 million street vendors under PM SVANidhi Scheme</h3>

The Prime Minister's Street Vendor Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) scheme, an initiative under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has achieved a milestone by extending support to more than 50 lakh street vendors across the nation. The scheme has been instrumental in bringing street vendors into formal economic fold.

<img alt="5 million street vendors under PM SVANidhi Scheme" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/5 million street vendors under PM SVANidhi Scheme.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: india.gov.in]

<h3>First 800 MW unit of Telangana Super Thermal Power Project</h3>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated the first 800 MW unit of Telangana Super Thermal Power Project of NTPC to the nation. The project is situated in Peddapalli district and will provide low cost Power to Telangana and provide a boost to economic development of the state.

<h3>Trains At A Glance</h3>

The Ministry of Railways has released its new All India Railway Time Table known as "Trains At A Glance (TAG)" from October 1st. The TAG is available on Indian Railways official website. It inducts 64 services of Vande Bharat train Services.

<h3>Noida 2.0</h3>

The master plan for the Dadri-Noida-Ghaziabad Investment Region (DNGIR) has proposed a "No Relocation Policy" for the area's existing population. Unlike conventional projects tha plan aims to integrate existing rural communities into the evolving industrial and economic landscape set to emerge by 2041.

<h3>55th Foundation Day of ICSI</h3>

The President of India, Droupadi Murmu graced the 55th Foundation Day celebrations of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) in New Delhi. She said that the role of the Corporate world in managing resources should be that of Trusteeship. Company secretaries will help India become a role model for good corporate Governance and ensure compliance of laws for promoting business and investment.

<img alt="55th Foundation Day of ICSI" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/55th Foundation Day of ICSI.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

Being well-versed in the developments of the week's current affairs enables us to actively participate as responsible citizens. It allows us to gain insights into matters that hold significance for our communities and empowers us to actively contribute our opinions.

In the contemporary landscape, the significance of staying abreast of weekly current affairs cannot be overstated. We will reconvene in our next current affairs blog. In the meantime, you have the option to access a downloadable PDF of this week's current affairs.

The Dhronas is the best institute in Siliguri

Best WBCS Coaching

Weekly Current Affairs of West Bengal and India

পশ্চিমবঙ্গ&nbsp;ও ভারতের&nbsp;সাপ্তাহিক বিষয়ের খবরা খবর

Top 30 Weekly Current Affairs - 1st to 6th October 2023

সেরা 30 সপ্তাহের বর্তমান বিষয়- 2023 সালের 1লা  থেকে 6 অক্টোবরের

Mr. Amit is a famous Reasoning teacher in Siliguri and a co-partner at one and only thedhonas.com

Reasoning Faculty

WB Police Constable Prelims Previous Year&nbsp;2019

WB পুলিশ কনস্টেবল প্রিলিম এর আগের বছর 2019

WBP Constable Previous Year Paper - Prelims 2019 PDF with Solutions

WBP কনস্টেবলের আগের বছরের পেপার - সমাধান সহ প্রিলিমস 2019 PDF

Mr. Aloke is a famous English teacher in Siliguri and a co-partner at one and only thedhronas.com.

English Faculty

WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2017

WBCS প্রিলিমের আগের বছরের পেপার 2017

WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2017 - Get PDF with Solutions

WBCS প্রিলিমসের আগের বছরের পেপার 2017 - সমাধান সহ PDF পান

Mr. Raja is the famous teacher for Quantitative Aptitude in Siliguri and co-partner at one and only thedhronas.com

Quant Faculty

Profit and Loss is the most interesting and very important topic of the Quant section for WBP Constable Exam. This is a very wide topic of the quant section in which you will learn some real-life solutions to problems and it will increase your aptitude dramatically. Concepts of profit and loss will be used in other topics as well. You must have a good command in this topic if you want to clear WBP Constable Exam.

<h2 id="content-id-1725-0">Profit and Loss for WBP Constable Exam</h2>

As we discussed earlier, Profit and Loss is a crucial topic in the WBP Constable Exam. Gain a strong understanding of this concept through our detailed study material and practice questions. Enhance your problem-solving abilities and increase your readiness for the exam.

The weightage for Profit and Loss in the WBP Constable Exam is typically around 2-5% of the total marks. It may vary slightly from year to year, but it's an important topic to prepare for to secure a good score in the exam.

To understand the concept of profit and loss, we have to understand the concept of ‘Percentage increase and decrease’. We have discussed this topic in <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/theory-and-questions-on-percentage-for-wbp-constable-exam" target="_blank">Percentage</a> blog too, so let's revise this topic.

<h2 id="content-id-1725-1">Percentage Increase or Decrease Questions</h2>

Now, there is a most important concept, to understand profit and loss, called PERCENTAGE INCREASE or DECREASE.

PERCENTAGE INCREASE or DECREASE in a quantity is the ratio, expressed in percentage, of the actual INCREASE or DECREASE in the quantity to the original amount of the quantity.

i.e. PERCENTAGE INCREASE = (Actual increase/Original quantity) × 100

PERCENTAGE DECREASE = (Actual decrease/Original quantity) × 100

<img alt="Percentage Increase or Decrease Questions" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Percentage Increase or Decrease Questions.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

E.g. If the consumption of rice by a family is increased from 60 kg/month to 75 kg/month, then the percentage increase in rice consumption is calculated as follows:

⇒ Actual increase = 75 – 60 = 15 kg/month

⇒ Percentage increase = (actual increase/quantity at the beginning) × 100 = 15/60 × 100 = 25%

So let’s start by taking a simple example and try to understand what profit/loss in a trade is.

E.g. A man buys an article for 300 rs. and sells it for 900 rs. Find the profit/loss.

We saw he buys at 300 rs. and sells that article at 900 rs. so he got additional

⇒ 900 - 300 = 600 that is the extra money he got this is called profit for him.

Let’s take another scenario of loss;

E.g. Aman buys an article at Rs 900. and sells it for Rs 300. Find the profit/loss.

He buys at 900 rs. and sells at Rs 300. So, he loses 900 - 300 = Rs 600.

Whenever a purchased article is sold, then either profit is earned or loss is incurred.

Let’s learn some terminologies of Profit and Loss concept.

<h2 id="content-id-1725-2">Profit and Loss Basic Terminologies and Questions</h2>

Selling Price (SP): The price at which article is sold.

Cost Price (CP): The price at which article is manufactured or purchased.

Profit (SP - CP): When an article is sold at a price more than its cost price, then profit is earned.

Loss (CP - SP): When an article is sold at a price less than its cost price, then the loss is incurred.

In day-to-day life we don’t talk about absolute loss/gain we talk about profit/loss in percentage terms, e.g., 15% off, 20% sale. What are they, let’s talk about them.

We learn percentage is the fraction with denominator 100. So,

Profit/Loss (%) = [(Selling price - Cost price) × 100] / Cost price = [(SP - CP) × 100]/CP

In formula,

If, Selling price - Cost price > 0, then, there is profit

If, Selling price - Cost price < 0, then, there is loss 
 
[TIP: Profit and loss are always calculated on cost price unless otherwise stated in the question.] 
 
E.g. A person buys a toy for 50 and sells it for 75. What will be his gain percent?

So, according to our question,

Selling Price = 75 & Cost Price = 50

Selling Price - Cost Price = 75 - 50 = 25 > 0. So, there would be profit.

Profit (%) = (75 - 50)/50 × 100 = 25/50 × 100 = 1/2 × 100 = 50% (Ans.)

So, he would get 50% profit.

Rearranging above formula we would get

⇒ SP = [(100 + gain%) / 100] × CP

⇒ SP = [(100 - Loss%) / 100] × CP

⇒ CP = [100 / (100 + gain%)] × SP

⇒ CP = [100 / (100 - Loss%)] × SP

We don’t have to remember these formulas; they are just derived from the main formula.

E.g. Find the SP, when CP is 80 rs. and the gain is 20%.

We know the direct formula for SP when there is gain

⇒ SP = [(100 + Gain%) / 100] × CP = [(100 + 20) / 100] × 80 = 1.2 × 80 = 96 rs. 
 
Now, let's learn a short trick or, we can say, a time saving approach to solve these questions by introducing a new term i.e. Multiplying Factor.

<h2 id="content-id-1725-3">Multiplying Factors</h2>

Multiplying factors are values used to increase or decrease a quantity by a certain proportion or percentage. Let's look at this diagram to understand what multiplying factors are.

<img alt="Multiplying Factor Profit and Loss" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Multiplying Factor Profit and Loss.webp" style="height:150px; width:300px">

So, we got,

Cost Price × Multiplying Factor = Selling Price

irrespective of profit/loss, just simple.

E.g. Find the SP, when CP is 80 rs. and the gain is 20%.

So multiplying factor would be = 1 + 20/100 = 1 + 0.2 = 1.2

So, by multiplying factor method

⇒ SP = 80 × 1.2 = 96

This is the same question which we had solved above with two methods.

Let’s take some variety of questions related to profit and loss.

<h2 id="content-id-1725-4">Questions on Profit and Loss</h2>

E.g. A shopkeeper buys 100 eggs at Rs. 1.20 per piece Unfortunately 4 eggs got spoiled during transportation. The shopkeeper sells the remaining eggs at rs. 15 a dozen. Find his profit or loss.

The cost price of one egg = 1.2 rs.

Cost Price of 100 eggs = 100 × 1.2 = 120 rs.

The selling price of one egg = 15 / 12 = 1.25 rs. 

[One Dozen = 12 units]

The selling price of (100 - 4) eggs = 96 × 15 / 12 = 120rs. (Ans.)

⇒ SP = CP

So, there is neither profit nor loss incurred.

E.g. A grocer buys 160 kg of rice at 27 per kg and mixes it with 240 kg of rice available at 32 per kg. At what rate per kg should he sell the mixture to gain 20% on the whole?

Total rice =160 + 240 = 400 kg

Total cost price of rice = 160 × 27 + 240 × 32 = 12000 rs.

The multiplying factor would be = 1 + 20 / 100 = 1 + 0.2 = 1.2

By multiplying factor

⇒ SP = CP × MF

⇒ SP = 12000 × 1.2 = 14000 rs.

E.g. A man sold two radios for 2000 each. At first, he gains 16%, and on the other he loses 16%. Find his gain or loss percent in the whole transaction.

Let’s talk about the first case

⇒ SP = 2000 rs.

⇒ MF = 1 + 16/100 = 1.16

⇒ SP = MF × CP

⇒ CP = SP / MF

⇒ CP = 2000 / 1.16 = 1724 (Approx.)

Now, see the second case

⇒ SP = 2000 rs.

⇒ MF = 1 - 16/100 = 0.84

⇒ SP = MF × CP

⇒ CP = SP / MF

⇒ CP = 2000 / 0.84 = 2381 (Approx.)

So total SP = 2000 + 2000 = 4000

So total CP = 2381 + 1724 = 4104

Profit% = (SP - CP)/CP × 100

Profit% = (4000 - 4104)/4104 × 100

Profit% = -104/4104 × 100 = 2.56% (Ans.)

 
NOTE: If a person sells two similar articles, one at a gain of a% and another at a loss of a%, Then the seller always incurs a loss which is given by

Loss% = (x / 10)2

E.g. A man sold two radios for 2000 each. At first, he gains 16%, and on the other he loses 16%. Find his gain or loss percent in the whole transaction

By applying formula, Loss (%) = (x/10)2 = (16 / 10)2 = 2.56% (Ans.)

E.g. 32% of the goods in a shop is sold at 25% profit and remaining at c% loss. If the overall loss is 2.2%, what is the value of c?

Remaining amount of goods sold at c% loss = 100 – 32 = 68%

Overall loss = -32/100 × Profit% + 68/100 × Loss%

⇒ 2.2 = -32/100 × 25 + 68/100 × c

⇒ 2.2 = -8 + 0.68c

⇒ 10.2 = 0.68c

⇒ c = 10.2/0.68 = 15

So we learned how to apply a formula. We don't have to memorize them, we just have to understand them, but sometimes short-tricks exist which are very important in competitive exams like WBP Constable Exam.

So, this is all for today. We have leant the basics of Profit and Loss with their basic formulae. In our next blog, we will discuss the the topics like <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/discounts-and-dishonest-dealings-theory-for-wbp-constable-exam" target="_blank">Discounts, Successive Discounts and Dishonest Dealings</a>. We will also discuss some shortcut tricks and some more formulae to bring your problem solving time from 90 seconds to 30 seconds. Till then, stay tuned!!

Learn and Practice Profit and Loss

লাভ এবং ক্ষতি শিখুন এবং অনুশীলন করুন

Profit and Loss Theory and Questions for WBP Constable Exam

WBP কনস্টেবল পরীক্ষার জন্য লাভ এবং ক্ষতির তত্ত্ব এবং প্রশ্ন

Welcome to Dhronas' ultimate resource for mastering basic algebra in preparation for the WBCS Prelims Exam. Algebra is a fundamental mathematical concept that plays a crucial role in various competitive exams, including the WBCS. In this carefully curated collection, we provide you with a comprehensive understanding of basic algebraic principles, equations, and problem-solving techniques.

Our theory and practice questions are designed to help you build a strong foundation in algebra, ensuring that you're well-prepared to tackle algebra-related questions in the WBCS Prelims Exam. Get ready to enhance your algebraic skills and boost your confidence as you embark on this learning journey with us.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-0">Topics covered in Basic Algebra</h2>

Algebra is an important subject for the WBCS Prelims Exam, as it is covered in the General Studies section. The General Studies section covers a wide range of topics, including current events, history, geography, economics, civics, and science and technology. However, algebra is one of the few topics that is specifically mentioned in the syllabus for the General Studies section.

The following are some of the basic algebra topics that are covered in the WBCS Prelims Exam:

<ul>
	<li>Linear equations and inequalities</li>
	<li>Sets and relations</li>
	<li>Functions</li>
	<li>Quadratic equations and inequalities</li>
	<li>Arithmetic progressions and geometric progressions</li>
	<li>Matrices and determinants</li>
	<li>Probability and statistics</li>
</ul>

So in this blog, we will discuss the Linear Equations. Let’s try to learn what the equation is first and its Components and then we will discuss the Linear Equation.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-1">Equations and its Types</h2>

A statement of equality which involves variables and number(s) is called an equation.

E.g. 4x = 12, 7 - 2z3 = 5 etc.

Equations are of three types:

<ol>
	<li>Linear Equations</li>
	<li>Quadratic Equations</li>
	<li>Polynomials</li>
</ol>

So, let's discuss linear equation first.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-2">Linear Equations Theory and Examples</h2>

An equation in which the highest power of the variables involved is one, is called a linear equation.

E.g. x/3 = 8, x + y = 10 etc.

<ul>
	<li>Linear equation in one variable: An equation containing only one variable with the highest power one. (Represent point in the number line). 
	E.g. 16x = 56, 78z = 81</li>
	<li>Linear equation in two variables: An equation containing only two variables with the highest power one. A graph of linear equations ax + by = c is a straight line. 
	E.g. 3x + 2y = 34, 3 = x / (5 - t) etc.</li>
	<li>Linear equation in three variables: A linear equation in which numbers of unknown variables are three, is known as the linear equation in three variables. (Represents a place in 3 dimensions). 
	E.g. 4x + 6y + 7z = 20, x + y + 2z = 5 etc.</li>
</ul>

We learned about the different types of equations but what are the uses of these equations? How to solve these equations? What is consistency in equations? We will learn all these in this blog

Let’s start by studying the consistency of the system.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-3">Consistency of Linear Equation</h2>

A set of linear equations is said to be consistent if there exists at least one solution for these equations, otherwise, the equation is inconsistent.

Let us consider a system of two linear equations as shown, a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

Consistent System: If the system has at least one solution exists then there would be two possibilities.

<ul>
	<li>Independent Equation: System has a unique solution or a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2, it represents a pair of intersecting lines.</li>
	<li>Dependent Equation: System has infinite solution or a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2, it represents a pair of parallel lines.</li>
</ul>

Inconsistent System: If system of equations has no solution then, 

a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2

E.g. Check whether the given system is consistent or not. If yes, then find the solution.

x - 2y = 0

3x + 4y - 20 = 0

Sol: Here, a1 = 1, a2 = 3

b1 = - 2, b2 = 4

c1 = 0, c2 = -20

a1 / a2 = 1/3,

b1 / b2 = (-2) / 4 = (-1) / 2,

c1 / c2 = 0

here, a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2

We don’t know how to find solution so let’s try to learn how to find out first.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-4">Methods to Solve Linear Equations</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Substitution Method</li>
	<li>Elimination Method</li>
	<li>Cross Multiplication Method</li>
</ul>

Substitution method: In this method, first the value of one variable must be represented in the form of another variable and put this value in another equation and solve it. Thus, the value of one variable is obtained and this value is used to find the value of another variable.

E.g. Solve the following equations with the substitution method.

2x - y = 3, 4x - y = 5

Sol: 2x - y = 3 … (i)

⇒ y = 2x - 3

⇒ 4x - y = 5 … (ii)

Putting the value of y in equation (ii)

⇒ 4x - (2x - 3) = 5 ⇒ 2x + 3 = 5 ⇒ 2x = 2 ⇒ x = 1

Now putting the value of x in (ii)

⇒ 4(1) - y = 5 ⇒ 4 - y = 5 ⇒ y = -1

Hence x = 1 and y = -1

Elimination method: In this method, the coefficient of one of the variables of each equation become equal to the coefficient of other equation by multiplying by a proper multiple. By solving these equations and by which we get the value of another variable and thus with the help of this value, we can find the value of another variable.

E.g. Solve the following equations with the elimination method.

2x - y = 3, 4x - y = 5

Sol: 2x - y = 3 (i) 4x - y = 5 (ii)

Subtracting (ii) from (i)

⇒ −2𝑥 = −2

⇒ x = 1

By putting the value of x in (i)

⇒ 2(1) - y = 3

⇒ 2 - y = 3

⇒ y = -1

We got the same answer by both methods, let’s try the cross multiplication method.

Cross multiplication method: Cross multiplication method is a technique used to solve linear equations that involve fractions. This method is used to simplify the equation by multiplying both sides of the equation by the denominators of the fractions, eliminating the fractions altogether.

Let,

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

Are two equations, by cross-multiplication method

⇒ x / (b1 c2 - b2 c1) = y / (c1 a2 - c2 a1) = 1 / (a1 b2 - a2 b1)

E.g. Solve the following equations with a cross-multiplication method.

2x - y - 3 = 0 and 4x - y - 5 = 0

Sol: By putting the value of a1, b1, c1, a2, b2 and c2 in formula

x / (b1 c2 - b2 c1) = y / (c1 a2 - c2 a1) = 1 / (a1 b2 - a2 b1)

⇒ x / [-1 × (-5) - (-1) × (-3)] = y / [(-3) × 4 - (-5) × 2[ = 1 / [2 × (-1) - 4 × (-1)]

⇒ x / (5 - 3) = y / (-12 + 10) = 1 / (-2 + 4)

⇒ x / 2 = y / (-2) = 1 / 2

⇒ x = 1, y = -1

Now, we will solve some word problem questions using the concepts we learn in this blog.

<h2 id="content-id-1727-5">Basic Algebra Questions</h2>

E.g. The sum of four numbers is 96. When 10 and 2 are added to the first two, and 6 and 14 are subtracted from the 3rd and 4th, all the four numbers will be equal. What are the numbers?

Sol: Let four numbers be a, b, c and d a + b + c + d = 96 ...(1)

a + 10 = b + 2 = c – 6 = d – 14 = M (let)

a = M – 10, b = M – 2, c = M + 6, d = M + 14

From equation (1)

M – 10 + M – 2 + M + 6 + M + 14 = 96 4M + 8 = 96

4M = 96 – 8 = 88 M = 88/4 = 22

⇒ a = M – 10 = 22 – 10 = 12

⇒ b = M – 2 = 22 – 2 = 20

⇒ c = M + 6 = 22 + 6 = 28

⇒ d = M + 14 = 22 + 14 = 36

Now, let’s solve another linear algebra word problem using the concept of elimination method.

E.g. In the zoo, there are some ducks and some tigers. If the head is counted there are 120 heads, while the legs are counted are 400 legs . What is the number of tigers in the zoo?

Sol: Total number of heads = 120

Total number of legs = 400

Ducks and tigers have one head but different number of legs Let the number of tigers be x and ducks be y.

Ducks have 2 legs and tigers have 4 legs.

⇒ ducks legs + tigers legs = Total number of legs

⇒ 4x + 2y = 400   ——— (1)

⇒ x + y = 120   —— (2)

Multiplying equation (2) by 2 and subtracting from equation (1),

We get, 2x = 160

⇒ x = 80

We will solve a bit complicated problem using the same set of principles that we learn in this blog.

E.g. Box A, B, C, D, E have mangoes. If 60 mangoes are drawn from box B and filled in box A then box B will have as many mangoes as box E has and if 60 mangoes are drawn from box A and filled in box B then box B will have as many mangoes as box D has. Boxes A and B together have 200 mangoes more than boxes D and E together have. If box B has 40 mangoes more than box C has and the total number of mangoes that they have is 2660, how many mangoes does box B have?

Sol: B - 60 = E ...(1)

B + 60 = D ...(2)

A + B = D + E + 200 ...(3) B = C + 40 ...(4)

A + B + C + D + E = 2660 ...(5)

From (1) and (2)

2 B = D + E ...(6)

From (3) and (6)

A = 2B + 200 ...(7)

Using (4), (6) and (7) in (5)

⇒ (B + 200) + B + (B - 40) + 2(B) = 2660

⇒ 5 B = 2500

⇒ B = 500

In this example, every time different number of mangoes were taken out in different boxes. First, we converted every statement in linear equation form and by solving by linear equations, we obtained the required answer.

During our initial learning phase, we were exposed to different types of equations and the concept of consistency in a system. Upon determining consistency, we then evaluated if the equation had a unique solution. Subsequently, we applied these concepts to solve practical problems that involved the use of linear algebra. These skills are highly beneficial in addressing related questions that may appear in the WBCS Prelims Exam.

So, this is all for linear equations. In our next blog of Basic Algebra, we will discuss the Quadratic Equations. Till then, stay tuned!!

Learn and Practice Basic Algebra

সাধারণ বীজগণিত শিখুন এবং অনুশীলন করুন

Theory and Questions on Basic Algebra for WBCS Prelims Exam

পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সিভিল সার্ভিস প্রিলিম পরীক্ষার জন্য সাধারণ বীজগণিতের তত্ত্ব এবং প্রশ্ন

Cracking the WBCS Prelims demands a smart tackle on the Reasoning section, where the Series topic plays a starring role. Getting Series right means unlocking a door to high scores and a nod from the selectors. The knack for spotting patterns swiftly is like the secret handshake that lets you breeze through the WBCS Prelims. 

Are you a WBCS aspirant? Do you struggle with the Series topic of reasoning section? Worry no more! This blog is your cheat code. We're diving deep into every nook and cranny of Series, from numbers doing the cha-cha to letters throwing a surprise party. Basic concepts? Check. Solved examples? Double-check. This isn't just theory; it's your roadmap through the Series maze. And because practice makes perfect, we've got your back with some brain-teasing practice questions. It's not just about understanding; it's about acing it.

So, buckle up, because we're turning Series from a head-scratcher to a high scorer!

<h2 id="content-id-1739-0">What is Series in Reasoning?</h2>

Series is a chapter in Logical Reasoning, where a continuous sequence of numbers, letters, or words are obtained by some particular previously defined rule. Applying that predefined rule, it is possible to find out the next term or missing term of the series.

<img alt="series reasoning for wbcs prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series_reasoning_for_wbcs_prelims.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Series is divided into five main types: 
1.  Letter Series 
2.  Repeated/Fill in the blanks Series 
3.  Number Series 
4.  Alphanumeric Series 
5.  Matrix or Figure Based Series

<h2 id="content-id-1739-1">Letter Series</h2>

In letter series, the letters follow a definite order. The given series of letters can be in natural order or in reverse order or combination of both. The letters may be skipped or repeated or consecutive.

<img alt="series letter series for wbcs prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series_letter_series.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Which of the given options will complete the given series?

AYBZC, DWEXF, GUHVI, JSKTK,?

1.MQORN 

2.MQNRO  

3.NQMOR

4.QMONR

Solution: (2) MQNRO 
The pattern which follows here is: 
1st letter of each term: 
A (+3) = D (+3) = G (+3) = J (+3) = M 
2nd letter: 
Y (-2) = W (-2) = U (-2) = S (-2) = Q 
3rd letter: 
B (+3) = E (+3) = H (+3) = K (+3) = N 
We don’t need to find out further because by these three letters we got our answer. There is only one option that has MQNRO letters in the first three places.

<h3>Wrong Letter Series</h3>

In this type of series, the students are not required to find the letter or group of letters which will complete the given series but, they have to identify the letter or group of letters which is wrong or misfit in the given series.

Example: Which letter(s) is wrong or is misfit in the series?

XW, DC, CB, NM, PQ

1.NM  

2.CB  

3.PQ  

4. XW

Solution: (3) PQ 
Here except PQ each element is in reverse series. Therefore, PQ is wrong. It should be QP, not PQ.

<h2 id="content-id-1739-2">Repeated Series or Fill in the Blanks Series</h2>

In this type of series, small groups of alphabets or numbers are used to make a set which is repeated. The candidate has to find the set of letters or numbers which will fit the blanks left in the given series in such a manner that one set of the series is further repeated in the same manner.

Example: Which of the following groups of letters will com- plete the given series?

c_bbb_ _ abbbb_ abbb_

1.aabcb  

2.abccb  

3.abacb  

4.baebb

Solution: (2) abccb 
Here the series is cabbbb/cabbbb/cabbbb. Thus, the pattern ‘cabbbb’ is repeated.

<h2 id="content-id-1739-3">Number Series</h2>

In this type of series, we have a set of given numbers in a series that are related to one another in a particular pattern or manner.

<img alt="series number series for wbcs prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series_number_series.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

The relationship between the numbers may be: 
1.  Consecutive odd/even/prime numbers. 
2.  Squares/cubes of some numbers with/without variation of addition or subtraction of some number. 
3.  Sum/product/difference of preceding/succeeding numbers. 
4.  Addition/subtraction/multiplication/division by some number. 
And many more combinations of the relationships given above.

Example: Complete the given series: 2, 14, 98, 686, …?

1.1976 

2.2548 

3.980  

4.4802

Solution: (4) 4802 
We can clearly identify the pattern of multiplication here. The numbers are multiplied by 7 to obtain the next numbers. 2 × 7 = 14 
14 × 7 = 98 
98 × 7 = 686 
686 × 7 = 4802

<h3>Wrong Number Series</h3>

In this topic, we have to identify the number which is wrongin the sequential pattern of that series or does not fit in it.

Example: In the given series find the number which is wrong.

121, 143, 165, 186, 209

1.143

2.165

3.186

4.209

Solution: (3) 186. 
It can be observed that each term in this series is obtained by adding number 22 to the preceding term. 
121 + 22 = 143 
143 + 22 = 165 
165 + 22 = 187 
So, 186 is wrong and must be replaced by 187.

<h2 id="content-id-1739-4">Alphanumeric Series</h2>

Alphanumeric series comprises the combination of letters, numbers and symbols. In this type of series, the letters and numbers may have a common sequential pattern or may have separate sequential order.

<img alt="series alphanumeric series for wbcs prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series_alphanumeric_series.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: What should come in the place of the question mark in the following letter - number combination?

F6, H8, J10, L12, ...?

1.N15

2.O14

3.N14

4.O13

Solution: (3) N14. 
Here, the letters are moving two steps forward with the number or we can also say that the number indicates the position of the letter in the alphabet series. 
F6 (+2) = H8 (+2) = J10 (+2) = L12 (+2) = N14

<h2 id="content-id-1739-5">Matrix or Figure Based Series</h2>

Under this type of series, there are different figures in which some elements (numbers/letters) are given and one element is missing. Students have to find out the logic from one figure and that same logic in another figure to find the missing element.

<img alt="series matrix or figure based series for wbcs prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series_matrix.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Missing Number Matrix consists of different types of Figures in it, but the most popular ones are mentioned below: 
1. Table Based 
2. Circle Based 
3. Triangle Based 
4. Miscellaneous (Pentagon, Hexagon, other, etc).

In such type of questions, numbers are written in different rows or columns of the table or given in different way in other figure and then in one cell “?” is given which means you need to find the number of this cell.

There are no limits of the logics and pattern which could be followed in this section, but the most important part is to find the inter relation between the given numbers.

The four basic operations used:

1.Addition

2.Subtraction

3.Multiplication

4.Division

The most common pattern or logic used: 
1. Square of two numbers and sum and subtraction of squares is third number. 
2. Addition or Subtraction of two numbers and resultant is third number. 
3. Multiplication between two numbers and resultant is third number. 
4. Addition or Subtraction or Multiplication between two numbers and then division by 2, 3 or etc. 
5. Cube of two numbers and sum or subtraction of cube is third number.

Let us learn to solve all kinds of Matrix and figural series by practicing some questions.

Example: Study the given pattern carefully and select the number from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in it.

<img alt="series matrix series" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series matrix series.png">

1.58

2.67

3.76

4.82

Solution: (3) 76 
The logic used here is:  
Row 1: (11 × 4) - (2 × 8) = 44 - 16 = 28 
Row 2: (11 × 6) - (2 × 12) = 66 - 24 = 42 
Row 3: (11 × 8) - (2 × 6) = 88 - 12 = 76

Now that you have learnt all the basic concepts of Series, let's practice a few questions and apply all the learnings so far.

<h2 id="content-id-1739-6">Series Practice Questions for WBCS Prelims</h2>

Q:1 Select the correct option that will complete the series: BMO, FPQ JSS,?

1.MVU

2.NVU

3.VNU

4.UNV

Q:2 Find out the wrong term in the given series: SFA, VID, QDY, XMG, OBW

1.OBW

2.XMG

3.QDY

4.VID

Q:3 Select the correct option that will complete the series: 157, 161, 170, 186, 211, ?

1.249

2.263

3.271

4.247

Q:4 Select the correct option that will complete the series: 12, 44, 79, 117, 158, ?

1.202

2.206

3.200

4.204

Q:5 Select the correct option that will complete the series: P13, R17, ?, V19, X23

1.R19

2.T19

3.R21

4.K19

Q:6 <img alt="series questions hard1 series questions " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/series questions hard1 series questions 15 sept.png">

1.293

2.303

3.410

4.505

<h2 id="content-id-1739-7">Solutions of Series Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) B + 4 = F, F + 4 = J, J + 4 = N 
M + 3 = P, P + 3 = S, S + 3 = V 
O + 2 = Q, Q + 2 = S, S + 2 = U

Q:2 (2) Addition and Subtraction of odd numbers are taking place: 
S + 3 = V, F + 3 = I, A + 3 = D 
V - 5 =Q, I - 5 = D, D - 5 = Y 
Q + 7 = X, D + 7 = K M, Y + 7 = F G

Q:3 (4) Adding the square of consecutive numbers starting from 2. 157 + 22 = 161; 161 + 32 = 170; 170 + 42 = 186; 186 + 52 = 211; 211 + 62 = 247

Q:4 (1) 12 + 32 = 44, 44 + 35 = 79, 79 + 38 = 117, 117 + 41 = 158, 158 + 44 = 202

Q:5 (2) The letter is forwarded by 2: P + 2 = R, R + 2 = T, T + 2 = V, V + 2 = X. The prime numbers are being written: 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

Q:6 (1) 1st triangle: 22 + 32 + 52 = 38; 2nd triangle: 42 + 62 + 82 = 116; 3rd triangle: 72 + 102 + 122 = 293, ? = 293

Alright, we're at the finish line! Now that we've cracked the Series code together, you're all set for the WBCS Prelims. Remember, Series isn't a tough nut; it's your ticket to scoring big. With the basics, examples, and practice questions from this blog, you're like a Series superhero. So, go ahead, practice a bit more, and step into the exam room with a smile. You've got this! Good luck on your WBCS journey.

Stay tuned, as <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> promises to bring you more such informative blogs with comprehensive study material on all the topics of Logical Reasoning section. Best of luck with your exam preparations, and may you excel in your endeavors!

Learn and Practice Series for WBCS Prelims

পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সিভিল সার্ভিস প্রিলিমের জন্য সিরিজ শিখুন এবং অনুশীলন করুন

Series - Complete Study Material for WBCS Prelims

সিরিজ - পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সিভিল সার্ভিস প্রিলিমের জন্য সম্পূর্ণ অধ্যয়নের উপাদান

Are you ready for the arrival of the WBCS Notification 2023? It's the initial milestone for you, the aspiring candidates, who dream of becoming part of West Bengal's administrative services. In this blog, we'll dive deep into the essential aspects of the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS notification 2023.pdf">WBCS Notification 2023</a>. Furthermore, we'll illuminate the examination pattern, highlight significant dates, discuss eligibility criteria, and much more. So, let's embark on this journey together and delve into the WBCS Notification 2023's intricacies.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-0">Overview of the WBCS Notification 2023</h2>

As you delve into the specifics of the WBCS Notification 2023, let's take a moment to embark on a quick visual journey. It's crucial to make sure that you, the aspiring candidates, grasp each step in your preparation for this exam thoroughly. However, to help you better understand, we've created a simple visual representation of the entire process. The images below will not only lead you through the process but also provide a clear summary of all the important information in one easy-to-view format.

<img alt="WBCS notification 2023 Eligibility" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS_notification_2023_Eligibility.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<img alt="WBCS notification 2023 Application Process" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS_notification_2023_Application.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<img alt="WBCS notification 2023 Exam Preparation" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS_notification_2023_Exam_Prep.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<img alt="WBCS notification 2023 Prelims" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS_notification_2023_Exam_Dates.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<img alt="WBCS Notification 2023 Merit List" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS_notification_2023_Merit_List.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2 id="content-id-1742-1">WBCS Notification 2023 PDF</h2>

For you, the aspiring candidates, the WBCS Notification 2023 signifies the initiation of the recruitment process for the West Bengal Civil Services (Exe.) Examination. This esteemed exam intends to choose individuals for diverse civil service roles within the West Bengal state government. Additionally, the Public Service Commission of West Bengal has recently published the WBCS Notification 2023 and has also revealed the WBCS Prelims Exam Date, which is set for December 16, 2023.

Here is the list of topics for your reference, and the entire blog will adhere to this same order:

<ol>
	<li>Eligibility Criteria</li>
	<li>Vacancy</li>
	<li>Salary</li>
	<li>Exam Pattern</li>
	<li>Exam Syllabus</li>
	<li>Important exam dates</li>
	<li>Application Process</li>
	<li>Admit Card</li>
</ol>

In the forthcoming sections of this blog, we will delve deeper into each of these segments. Moreover, if you wish to access the WBCS Notification 2023, simply click on the provided link for direct access.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-2">WBCS 2023 Eligibility Criteria</h2>

Before you start preparing for the WBCS exam, your initial step should be to determine if you meet the eligibility criteria. So, let's simplify it. There are three primary eligibility requirements you must fulfill for the WBCS exam outlined in the WBCS Notification 2023. These include:

<h3>Nationality</h3>

<ol>
	<li>You must be an Indian citizen, either by birth or through registration.</li>
	<li>Alternatively, the Indian government can declare you eligible if you are a national of another country, but only if the government issues a certificate of eligibility to you.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Educational Qualifications</h3>

To be eligible, you, as a candidate, should possess the following qualifications:

<ul>
	<li>You should have a degree from a university that is recognised.</li>
	<li>You must have the ability to read, write, and speak in Bengali, except if your mother tongue is Nepali, in which case this requirement is not applicable. This is in accordance with the Finance Department's Notification No. 1243-F(P) dated March 2, 2016.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Age Limit</h3>

<ul>
	<li>For Group 'A' and 'C' services and posts, you should be between 21 and 36 years old, with a birthdate between January 2, 1987, and January 1, 2002.</li>
	<li>For the West Bengal Police Service (Group 'B'), your age should be between 20 and 36 years, with a birthdate between January 2, 1987, and January 1, 2003.</li>
	<li>For Group 'D' services and posts, your age should range from 21 to 39 years, with a birthdate between January 2, 1984, and January 1, 2002. If your birth date falls between January 1, 2002, and January 1, 2003 (making you 20 to 21 years old as of January 1, 2023), you can apply for Group B only.</li>
</ul>

<h4>Age Relaxation</h4>

You may be eligible for age relaxation if you fall into certain categories in West Bengal. Specifically, S.C. and S.T. candidates can get up to 5 years of age relaxation, O.B.C. candidates can receive a 3-year relaxation, and persons with benchmark disabilities (PwBD) with a disability level of 40% or more can have their upper age limit extended by up to 45 years. Additionally, SC, ST, and O.B.C. candidates from other states will be considered for unreserved posts only. 

Furthermore, for more details, refer to our <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-eligibility-criteria-2023-age-education">blog</a>.

Now that you grasp the eligibility requirements for the WBCS exam, would you like to explore the available positions and the salary details?

<h2 id="content-id-1742-3">WBCS 2023 Vacancy</h2>

According to the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBCS notification 2023.pdf">WBCS Notification 2023</a>, the exact count of job openings in various services and positions to be filled based on the examination results will be disclosed at a later stage. It's possible that certain positions within specific groups might remain unfilled if the respective departments don't report any vacancies within the specified time frame for recruitment.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-4">WBCS 2023 Salary</h2>

When considering a career in the West Bengal Civil Service (WBCS), it's essential to understand the attractive salary package that awaits you.

For you, aspiring for the West Bengal Civil Service (Executive), the pay level is 16, which corresponds to a salary range of 56,100 to 1,44,300. Additionally, you are entitled to receive Dearness Allowance (D.A.), Medical Allowance (M.A.), and House Rent Allowance (H.R.A.) in accordance with the established regulations.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-5">WBCS 2023 Exam Pattern</h2>

Understanding the exam pattern for the WBCS exam is like having a blueprint for your preparation. It's crucial because it enables you to prepare effectively, provides a clear direction for your study plan, and bolsters your confidence when you take the actual exam. So, let's simplify the WBCS exam pattern for your benefit.

According to the WBCS Notification 2023, the selection process consists of three phases:

<ul>
	<li>Preliminary examination.</li>
	<li>Main examination.</li>
	<li>Personality Test.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Preliminary Exam</h3>

For you, the preliminary examination comprises a single paper centred on "general studies."This paper will consist of 200 multiple-choice questions and is designed in an objective format. Moreover, it carries a total of 200 marks and should be completed within a time frame of 2½ hours. Furthermore, the paper's content will be at the level of knowledge that is typically anticipated from a graduate of any recognised university, regardless of their field of study.

<h3>Main Exam</h3>

For you, the Main Examination involves six mandatory papers, and if you're applying for Groups A and/or B, you'll need to choose one optional subject from the list provided in WBCS Notification 2023. Moreover, this optional subject includes two papers, each worth 200 marks. In this examination, whether it's a compulsory paper or an optional one, each paper carries 200 marks and has a duration of 3 hours.

<h3>Personality Test</h3>

If you qualify for the main examination and are selected based on your merit, you'll be required to attend a personality test. During this test, you'll be asked questions about general topics of interest. Furthermore, the purpose of this test is to evaluate your personal attributes, such as your quick thinking, ability to express ideas clearly and logically, intellectual and moral integrity, leadership qualities, as well as the range of your interests.

Moreover, for your better understanding, refer to our blog, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-exam-pattern-2023-200-questions-in-150-minutes">WBCS Exam Pattern 2023</a>. 

Furthermore, let's move and explore the syllabus of WBCS Exam.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-6">WBCS 2023 Syllabus</h2>

Now that you've comprehended the exam pattern, it's essential to acquaint yourself with the subjects you'll need to study for the WBCS exam. This is a crucial step because a clear understanding of the syllabus will shape your study strategy, assist in selecting the appropriate study materials, and facilitate efficient time management. It will ultimately lead to a well-organised and strategic approach to your preparation. So, let's delve into the WBCS 2023 syllabus.

<h3>Preliminary Exam</h3>

In the WBCS Preliminary Examination syllabus, there are a total of eight topics to cover.

<ul>
	<li>English Composition</li>
	<li>General Science</li>
	<li>Current Events of National and International Importance</li>
	<li>History of India</li>
	<li>Geography of India with special reference to West Bengal</li>
	<li>Indian politics and economy</li>
	<li>Indian National Movement</li>
	<li>General mental ability</li>
</ul>

<h3>Main Exam</h3>

The main examination will consist of six mandatory papers, and you'll have the choice of one optional subject that includes two papers.

<ul>
	<li>Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, Nepali, and Santali</li>
	<li>English</li>
	<li>General Studies-I</li>
	<li>General Studies-II</li>
	<li>The Constitution of India and the Indian Economy</li>
	<li>Test of Reasoning</li>
</ul>

For more in detail information, check out our <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-syllabus-2023-subject-wise-topics-weightage">blog</a> by clicking the link.

Furthermore, let’s see how the marking scheme works for this exam.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-7">WBCS 2023 Marking Scheme</h2>

<ul>
	<li>For you, if you reveal your identity by writing your name, roll number, or any identifying marks on your answer sheet for a particular paper, there will be a 10% deduction from the total marks you earn on that paper.</li>
	<li>Additionally, there will be a penalty for incorrect answers in multiple-choice questions (MCQ type).</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="content-id-1742-8">WBCS 2023 Important Exam Dates</h2>

According to the official WBCS Notification 2023, the authorities have presented the important dates in the table below for your ease of access and reference.

<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:320px">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Events</div>
			</td>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Dates</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Commencement of online application</div>
			</td>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">28th February, 2023</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Closing date of online application</div>
			</td>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">21st March, 2023</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Closing date for submission of fees (online)</div>
			</td>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">21st March, 2023</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">Closing date for submission of fees (offline)</div>
			</td>
			<td>
			<div style="text-align:center">22nd March, 2023</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Preliminary Exam Date 2023</td>
			<td>16th December, 2023</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Furthermore, for more information, refer to our blog, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-exam-date-2023-the-date-of-exam-is-16-december-2023">WBCS Exam Date 2023</a>.

Earlier preliminary exam had to take place on 5 November, however, it has now been postponed to 16 December 2023. This information was released by WBPSC via an official notice on 12th October 2023. Now that we have briefed you about the exam dates, what do you say we continue to the application section of the blog? Let's take one step closer to your dream job.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-9">Application Fees for WBCS 2023 Recruitment</h2>

For your online payment through debit or credit card, the fee is Rs. 210 plus a service charge of 1% of the examination fee, with a minimum of Rs. 5. If you opt for Net Banking, the service charge is Rs. 5, and for payment at a bank counter (offline payment), it's Rs. 20.

However, if you are an SC/ST candidate from West Bengal or a Person with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) with a physical disability of 40% or more, you are exempt from paying any fee. Moreover, OBC candidates from West Bengal, on the other hand, are required to pay the usual fee as mentioned above. Additionally, it's important to remember that SC/ST/OBC candidates from other states are not eligible for fee exemptions, and no fee refunds or reserves will be entertained for any other examination.

<h2 id="content-id-1742-10">WBCS Apply Online - Step by Step Approach</h2>

If you meet the necessary eligibility criteria, you can complete your WBCS 2023 Registration Form exclusively through the online mode. Follow the steps below to fill out the WBCS application form:

<ol>
	<li>Start by visiting the West Bengal Public Service Commission's <a href="https://wbpsc.gov.in">official website</a>.</li>
	<li>Before applying for the examination, you'll need to register by clicking on "ONE TIME REGISTRATION," located on the right side of the homepage.</li>
	<li>Provide the required information to obtain your registration number and password.</li>
	<li>After receiving your registration details, click on "Login if Already Registered" and input your registration number, password, and captcha code.</li>
	<li>Complete the WBCS Application Form by entering your educational qualifications, age, and other necessary information.</li>
	<li>Make the necessary application fee payment using the online mode.</li>
	<li>After carefully verifying the details you've entered, submit the WBCS Application Form.</li>
	<li>Don't forget to download a copy of the WBCS Application Form for your future reference.</li>
</ol>

<h2 id="content-id-1742-11">WBCS 2023 Admit Card </h2>

The commission has announced the WBCS exam date of 2023 for the preliminary phase on their official website. According to the official information, the WBCS Exam 2023 is set to take place on November 5, 2023. The WBCS Admit Card 2023 will become available for download in October 2023 on the West Bengal Public Service Commission's official website. You will be able to access your WBCS Prelims Admit Card 2023 by using your registration number and password. Feel free to browse through the page to find further details about the WBPSC WBCS Admit Card 2023.

We trust that this blog has provided you with a better grasp of the subject. If you're in search of more detailed insights, please don't hesitate to delve into the additional blogs available. Our dedication is to keep you thoroughly informed. Nevertheless, it's crucial to bear in mind that information, when combined with unwavering commitment, persistent hard work, and resolve, becomes the essential pathway to reaching your aspirations.

WBCS বিজ্ঞপ্তি 2023

WBCS Notification 2023 - Recruitment for Govt Jobs

WBCS বিজ্ঞপ্তি 2023 - সরকারি চাকুরিতে নিয়োগ

Numbers are the basic pillar of Mathematics, the language of the universe. The thing which we learned in our first mathematics class. The thing we deal with, in our day-to-day life. The thing which is almost everywhere. 

Well, we are not here to talk about the universe. But let me make this thing very clear. Classification of Numbers is the most important topic of the quant section. Not only this one, but the entire “Number System”. But I promise you, I will make this chapter most interesting and a favorite one. 

So, just be with me in the entire session and see how these numbers are going to amaze you every time. So, be ready to enjoy as well as learn.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-0">Overview of the Classification of Numbers</h2>

The classification of numbers is a fundamental concept in mathematics, serving as the building block for a wide range of mathematical disciplines. This overview delves into the various categories of numbers, including natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers.

<img alt="Classification of Numbers" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Classification of Numbers.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

Understanding these classifications is pivotal in mathematics and its applications. Whether you're a student seeking a strong foundation in math or a curious learner exploring the beauty of numbers, this guide will provide you with a comprehensive insight into the world of mathematical classification.

Here is the chart which classifies numbers.

<img alt="Overview of the Classification of Numbers" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Overview of the Classification of Numbers.webp" style="height:400px; width:400px">

Now that you've taken a look at the overview, let's understand what all these numbers mean.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-1">Real Numbers</h2>

Real numbers are the numbers that we use to represent quantities in the real world. These are the numbers whose squares are positive numbers. They include all the rational numbers, such as integers and fractions, as well as the irrational numbers, such as pi and the square root of 2.

Real numbers can be thought of as all the points on a number line. The points corresponding to integers are equally spaced, but the points corresponding to irrational numbers are not.

Real numbers are used in many different areas of mathematics, including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and calculus. They are also used in many different scientific disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Here are some examples of real numbers:

<ul>
	<li>Integers: 1, 2, 3, -4, -5, ...</li>
	<li>Fractions: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, -4/5, -5/6, ...</li>
	<li>Irrational numbers: π, √2, e, ...</li>
</ul>

We will discuss all these examples in detail.

Some of the important properties of real numbers include:

<ul>
	<li>Order: Real numbers are ordered, meaning that for any two real numbers, a and b, either a is less than b, a is greater than b, or a is equal to b.</li>
	<li>Arithmetic operations: Real numbers are closed under the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. This means that the sum, difference, product, and quotient of any two real numbers is also a real number.</li>
	<li>Density: Real numbers are dense, meaning that between any two real numbers, there is always another real number.</li>
	<li>Completeness: Real numbers are complete, meaning that every non-empty set of real numbers that has an upper bound has a least upper bound.</li>
</ul>

Real numbers are an essential part of mathematics and science. They allow us to represent and measure quantities in the real world, and to solve complex problems.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-2">Imaginary Numbers</h2>

Imaginary numbers are numbers that are not real numbers. They are defined as multiples of the imaginary unit i, which is defined by the property i2 = -1.

[i = √(-1), i2 = -1, i3 = -i, i4 = 1]

e.g. If the number 6i is given, it means it’s value is 6 × √(-1) = 6√(-1) = √(-36).

Imaginary numbers are often used in mathematics and physics to represent quantities that cannot be represented by real numbers. For example, the square root of a negative number is an imaginary number.

Imaginary numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided like real numbers. However, there are some important differences between the two types of numbers. For example, the product of two imaginary numbers is a real number, and the quotient of two imaginary numbers is a real or imaginary number, depending on the values of the two numbers.

Imaginary numbers can be represented on a complex plane, which is a two-dimensional plane with a real axis and an imaginary axis. The real part of an imaginary number is plotted on the real axis, and the imaginary part of the imaginary number is plotted on the imaginary axis.

Now that, we've an idea about what the real and imaginary numbers are. Let's understand the types of real numbers.

Real numbers are of two types. i.e.

<ol>
	<li>Rational Numbers</li>
	<li>Irrational Numbers</li>
</ol>

So let's start with the rational numbers first.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-3">Rational Numbers</h2>

The numbers which can be written in the form p/q where p and q are co-prime integers and q ≠ 0. i.e. In decimal form, they are either terminating or recurring numbers. For example, 0.56, 0.45454545...., 4/11, all are rational numbers.

Let’s find out how we can convert a rational number from decimal form to fraction form.

e.g. Express 0.82828282…. in the form of a fraction.

Ans: Let x = 0.82828282… _____(1)

As the period containing 2 digits, we multiply by 102 = 100,

∴ 100x = 82.82828282…. ______(2)

Now, (2) – (1), we get,

⇒ 99x = 82

⇒ x = 82/99

Hence, 0.82828282 can be written as 82/99.

Let's look at one more example.

e.g. Express 0.024024024024024024….. in the form of a fraction.

Ans: Let x = 0.024024024024…. ____(1)

As the period is containing 3 digits, we multiply with 103 = 1000

∴ 1000x = 24.02404024…. ____(2)

Now, (2) – (1), we get,

⇒ 999x = 24

⇒ x = 24/999 = 8/333.

Hence, 0.024024024024... can be written as 8/333.

Rational numbers can be further classified into two types:

<ol>
	<li>Integers</li>
	<li>Decimals</li>
</ol>

We will discuss it further in detail. But for now, let's look at the other type of the real numbers i.e. Irrational Numbers.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-4">Irrational Numbers</h2>

Irrational numbers are real numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. They are often said to have decimal representations that never end or repeat.

In other words, the numbers which cannot be written as p/q are Irrational Numbers. So, in decimal form, these numbers are non-terminating and non-recurring numbers. Some examples of irrational numbers include π, √2, and e.

Here are some of the properties of irrational numbers:

<ul>
	<li>They cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers.</li>
	<li>Their decimal representations never end or repeat.</li>
	<li>They are dense on the number line, meaning that between any two irrational numbers there is always another irrational number.</li>
	<li>They are complete, meaning that every non-empty set of irrational numbers that has an upper bound has a least upper bound.</li>
</ul>

Irrational numbers are also used in many different scientific disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.

For example, π is used to calculate the circumference of a circle, and √2 is used to calculate the length of the diagonal of a square.

Irrational numbers are an important part of mathematics and science. They allow us to solve complex problems and to make accurate measurements of the world around us.

Now, let's get back to the types of rational numbers. We will understand integers first.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-5">Integers</h2>

An integer is a number that can be written without a fractional component. For example, 21, 4, 0, and -2048 are integers, while 9.75 and √2 are not.

Integers can be positive, negative, or zero. They are the most basic type of number, and they are used in many different areas of mathematics, including arithmetic, algebra, and geometry.

Integers can be represented on a number line, with the positive integers on the right and the negative integers on the left. Zero is located in the middle of the number line.

Integers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. They can also be compared to each other using the symbols <, >, and =.

Integers can be further classified as:

<ol>
	<li>Negative Integers: A negative number is an integer that is less than zero. Negative numbers are often used to represent quantities that are missing or absent, such as a debt or a loss. For example, a temperature of -10 degrees Celsius is 10 degrees Celsius below freezing. Negative numbers are represented by a minus sign (-) in front of the number. For example, -5 is negative five.</li>
	<li>Natural Numbers (Positive Integers): Natural numbers are the integers that are more than zero. They are also known as counting numbers or positive integers. Natural numbers start from 1 and go up to infinity. This means that they include all the whole numbers, but not zero.</li>
	<li>0 </li>
	<li>Whole Numbers: Whole numbers are basically natural numbers, including 0. These are also called non-negative integers.</li>
</ol>

Natural Numbers can also be classified further that we will discuss thoroughly later in this blog. Let's first understand what are decimals.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-6">Decimals</h2>

A decimal is a number that is written with a decimal point. The decimal point separates the whole number part of the number from the fractional part. For example, the decimal number 3.14159 represents the number three and fourteen hundred fifteen thousandths.

Decimals can be used to represent any real number, including integers, fractions, and irrational numbers. They are a convenient way to write numbers that are too large or too small to be written as fractions.

E.g. 2.332, 0.5, 1.25, 3.14159, -2.3456, 0.00001 are decimal numbers.

Decimals can further be classified as:

<ol>
	<li>Terminating Decimals: A terminating decimal is a decimal number that has a finite number of digits after the decimal point. In other words, these numbers end after a fixed number of digits. For example, 0.87, 82.25, 9.527, 224.9803, etc. are all terminating decimals.</li>
	<li>Non-terminating Recurring Decimals: A non-terminating recurring decimal is a decimal number that has a digit or sequence of digits that repeats endlessly after the decimal point. For example, 0.33333..., 4.65656565..., and 0.171717... are all non-terminating recurring decimals. Non-terminating recurring decimals can be represented as a fraction with a repeating numerator. For example, the non-terminating recurring decimal 0.33333... can be written as the fraction 1/3 and the non-terminating recurring decimal 0.17171717... can be written as the fraction 17/99.</li>
</ol>

So, now we can understand that rational numbers are either integers, terminating decimals or recurring decimals. Hence, those numbers which are neither terminating and non-recurring, are called irrational numbers.

Now let's discuss the Natural Numbers.

Natural Numbers can further be classified as:

<ol>
	<li>Prime Numbers</li>
	<li>Composite Numbers</li>
	<li>1</li>
</ol>

Let's discuss it thoroughly.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-7">Prime Numbers</h2>

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct natural number factors (divisors): 1 and itself. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, are prime numbers.

From 1 to 50, we have 15 prime factors. From 1 to 100, we have 25 prime factors. And these are:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97.

Prime numbers have some properties like:

<ol>
	<li>No integer can divide them completely other than 1 and the number itself (that’s why they have only two factors).</li>
	<li>Every prime number should be in the form of [4n + 1 or 4n – 1] for less than 5 and [6n + 1 or 6n – 1] for more than or equal to 5. But the reverse of this statement is not true. e.g. 25 can be written as 6(4) + 1 but it is not a prime number. </li>
	<li>Every integer, greater than 1, can be written as the product of prime numbers. </li>
	<li>2 is the only even number that is prime. [Even numbers are the positive integers that are divisible by 2 i.e. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc. We will discuss it thoroughly in the next blog]</li>
</ol>

Since, there is no formula to find out whether a number is prime or not. But for small numbers, we can use this trick:

Take the square root of the number (approximately) and check its divisibility by the prime numbers smaller than its square root. 

e.g. Check whether 97 is a prime number or not.

Ans: Square root of 97 will be between 9 and 10. So the prime numbers smaller than 9 are 2, 3, 5 and 7. Since 97 is not divisible by any of these, hence it is a prime number.

e.g. Check whether 91 is a prime number or not.

Ans: Square root of 91 will be between 9 or 10. So the prime numbers smaller than 9 are 2, 3, 5 and 7. Since 91 is divided by 7 (13 × 7 = 91). 91 is not a prime number.

We will discuss about prime numbers throughout the 'Number System' series as the entire number system is dependent on the properties of prime numbers. And yeah, number system is the basic pillar of the entire mathematics. So you can now understand the importance of this topic.

<h2 id="content-id-1805-8">Composite Numbers</h2>

Composite Number is a natural non-prime number greater than 1 i.e. all the non-prime numbers greater than 1 are composite numbers. These numbers have more than two factors. In other words, we can say, Composite numbers are the product of prime numbers. 4 is the first composite number. Examples are composite numbers are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 etc.

Now, let's understand the important thing:

1 is neither Prime nor Composite number.

Many students get confused about 1, thinking that 1 is a prime number. But no, 1 is neither prime as it doesn't even have two factors and nor composite as it doesn't have more than two factors, obviously.

In conclusion, the classification of numbers serves as the bedrock of mathematics, offering a structured framework to understand the diverse range of numerical values. From natural numbers, which initiate counting, to rational and irrational numbers that span the mathematical landscape, these classifications form the basis for various mathematical operations and real-world applications.

Whether solving complex equations, analyzing data, or exploring the profound mysteries of number theory, a solid grasp of number classification is indispensable. It is not just a mathematical concept but a fundamental tool that empowers individuals to navigate the quantitative world with confidence and precision. Embracing this knowledge is the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of the mathematical universe and its practical significance.

So, this is all for this blog. We will discuss the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/learn-the-divisibility-rule-of-numbers-for-wbcs-prelims-exam" target="_blank">Divisibility Rule of numbers</a> in our next blog of this 'Number System' blog series. Till then, keep practicing!

Learn the basics in the classification of Numbers topic of the &#39;Number system&#39; Blog series for WBCS Exam.

WBCS পরীক্ষার জন্য &#39;নম্বর&nbsp;সিস্টেম&#39; ব্লগ সিরিজের নম্বর বিষয়ের শ্রেণীবিভাগের মৌলিক বিষয়গুলো শিখুন।

Understand the Classification of Numbers for WBCS Prelims Exam

চলুন WBCS প্রিলিম পরীক্ষার  জন্য সংখ্যার শ্রেণীবিভাগ গুলি বুঝে নেওয়া যাক

In our last blog, we have learned the basics of <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/profit-and-loss-theory-and-questions-for-wbp-constable-exam" target="_blank">Profit and Loss for WBP Constable Exam</a>. If you haven't read that blog yet, just click on the embedded link and read it now before going through this blog.

Now, we all learned about the basics of profit and loss in that blog, so in continuation of that we will learn about Discounts and the Dishonest dealings. It's an important topic with your exam point of view and questions are widely asked from it.

We all are slaves of marketization; we all are greedy for more products and the market is providing us our needy things. Last time when you went to markets did you notice there are terms like 20% off, SALE SALE SALE. On e-commerce sites, we saw discounts on items. We will try to solve this type of question where we have to find questions related to this which are asked in the WBP Constable Exam.

<h2 id="content-id-1823-0">Discounts</h2>

A discount is a reduction in the selling price of a product or service. Discounts can be offered in a variety of ways, including as a percentage of the original price, a fixed amount off the original price, or a free gift or service with purchase.

In simple words, Discount is defined as the amount of rebate given on a fixed price (called a marked price) of an article.

Marked Price: The marked price is the price at which a product or service is offered for sale. It is also known as the list price or tag price. The marked price is usually set by the retailer, but it can also be set by the manufacturer or wholesaler.

Marked price = CP + Mark-up,

So, we got to know, Goods are sold at market price and if there is no discount then,

⇒ Marked price = CP

So, we got to know how marked price is calculated but in case of discount product it sold at d% discount,

Selling price = Marked price - Discount

Selling price = Marked Price (MP) - discount on MP(d%)

[NOTE: Discount is always calculated on the marked price, not on cost price and mark-up is calculated on the basis of CP.]

MP(1 - d/100) = SP = CP(1 + a/100)

Where, SP = selling price, MP = Marked price, CP = Cost price, d = Discount % and a = Gain%.

Now, let's look at some examples on discounts.

E.g. A trader offers his consumer 10% discount still makes a profit of 26%. Then what is the actual cost of an article marked at rs 280?

Sol: By putting the values in the formula

⇒ MP(1 - d/100) = SP = CP(1 + a/100)

⇒ 280(1 - 10/100) = CP(1 + 26/100)

⇒ 280 × 0.9 = CP × 1.26

⇒ CP = (280 × 0.9) / 1.26 = 200 rs. (Ans.)

E.g. If the marked price of an article is Rs.660 and the discount is 10%, then what is the selling price of the article?

Sol: Putting the values in formula

⇒ MP(1 - d/100) = SP = CP(1 + a/100)

⇒ MP(1 - d/100) = SP

⇒ 660(1 - 10/100) = SP

⇒ 660(1 - 0.1) = SP

⇒ 660 × 0.9 = SP

⇒ SP = 600 Rs. (Ans.)

Let's level up the questions a bit more.

E.g. The marked price of a bicycle is 1100. A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% and gets a profit of 10%. Find the cost price of the bicycle.

Sol: As we have given gain%, MP and discount% so we will use our general formula

⇒ MP(1 - d/100) = SP = CP(1 + a/100)

⇒ MP(1 - d/100) = CP(1 + a/100)

⇒ 1100(1 - 10/100) = CP(1 + 10/100)

⇒1100 × 0.9 = CP × 1.1

⇒ CP = (1100 × 0.9) / 1.1 = 900 rs. (Ans.)

So, now we have a clear understanding on discounts, let's understand the next topic i.e. Successive Discounts.

<h2 id="content-id-1823-1">Successive Discounts</h2>

In simpler words, when two or more discounts are allowed one after the other, then such discounts are known as successive discounts.

Let r1%, r2%, r3% ... be the series of discounts on an article with marked price P then the selling price (SP) of the article is given by:

SP = P × (1 - r1/100)(1 - г2/100)(1 - г3/100) ...

This the general formula for successive discounts. If you observe it closely, you can solve this equation if you have a good command on Multiplying Factor, that we've learned in our previous blog. Let's understand this formula first and then we will discuss some shortcut formulas for two successive discounts to avoid the calculations.

<img alt="Successive Discounts" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Successive Discounts.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

E.g. An item is sold for 680 rs. by allowing a discount of 15% on its marked price. What is the marked price of an item?

Sol: SP = P × (1 - r/100)

⇒ P = SP/(1 - r/100)

⇒ P = 680/(1 - 0.15)

⇒ P = 680 / 0.85 = 800 rs. (Ans.)

E.g. Which is a better bargain for the customer?

1. Successive discounts of 20% and 15%

2. Successive discounts of 10% and 25%

Sol: Let's calculate the total discount for the first case, as we don't have given marked price so we assume MP = 100

⇒ SP = 100 × (1 - 20/100)(1 - 15/100) = 100 × 0.8 × 0.85 = 68

So the discount would be 100 - 68 = 32%

In the second scenario,

⇒ SP = 100 × (1 - 10/100)(1 - 25/100) = 100 × 0.9 × 3/4 = 67.5

The discount would be 100 - 67.5 = 32.5%

So the second bargain would be better. (Ans.)

E.g. Successive discount of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% is equivalent to?

Sol: Let the marked price of the item be 100 rs.

Then the selling price would be

⇒ SP = P × (1 - r1/100)(1 - г2/100)(1 - г3/100)(1 - г4/100) = 100 × (1 - 10/100)(1 - 15/100)(1 - 20/100)(1 - 25/100)

⇒ SP = 100 × 0.9 × 0.85 × 0.8 × 0.75 = 45.9 rs.

So, the discount would be = 100 - 45.9 = 54.1% (Ans.)

NOTE:

In the case of two successive discounts:

Total discount = x + y - xy/100

Where x, y are the successive discounts.

Now, let's check the above example again.

E.g. Which is a better bargain for the customer?

1. Successive discounts of 20% and 15%

2. Successive discounts of 10% and 25%

Sol: In the first case, the total discount would be,

⇒ 20 + 15 - (20 × 15)/100 = 35 - 300/100 = 35 - 3 = 32%

In the second case,

⇒ 10 + 25 - (10 × 25)/100 = 35 - 2.5 = 32.5%

The bargain would be higher in the second case. (Ans.)

This is much easier than the above one. Right?

NOTE:

If a shopkeeper wants a profit of R% after allowing a discount of r% then

Marked Price = CP((100 + R)/(100 - r)}

Or

Cost Price = MP{(100 - r)/(100 + R)}

E.g. The marked price of a bicycle is 1100. A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% and gets a profit of 10%. Find the cost price of the bicycle.

Sol: So by formula,

⇒ Cost Price = MP{(100 - r)/(100 + R)}

⇒ Cost Price = 1100 × {(100 - 10)/(100 + 10)) = 1100 × 90/110 = 900 rs. (Ans.)

Now let's take one hard examples so that you can understand it more clearly.

E.g. A shopkeeper offers two plans of discount. In scheme A, two successive discounts of 25% and 16% are offered and in scheme B, 38% of one-time discount is offered. If the marked price is Rs 200, what is the difference between the discounted amount if scheme I and scheme II?

Sol: In scheme I:

Effective discount on two successive discounts = (x + y - xy/100)

⇒ (25 + 16 - 25 × 16/100) = 25 + 16 - 4 = 37%

Difference in the discount% in scheme I and scheme II = 38 - 37 = 1%

1% of M.P. = 1/100 × 200 = Rs 2, scheme II offers more discounts.

So, this is all for discounts. Now, let's move on to the most interesting topic of this Profit and Loss blog series for WBP constable Exam i.e. Dishonest Dealings.

<h2 id="content-id-1823-2">Dishonest Dealings</h2>

We learnt the basics of Profit and Loss & case of discounts and successive discounts in the last chapters. We will try to understand the concept of the Dishonest Shopkeepers in which we will calculate profit and loss when a dealer uses different cheat tricks with customers to fool them.

Some shopkeepers use different ways to gain profit illegally by cheating with customers. He might use false weights, report the lower weight of his weighing instrument, etc. This will be profitable for the shopkeeper but would cause loss to the buyer.

Use of False weight for Selling an Article:

A shopkeeper uses a false scale to sell his goods to the customer. The value of a false scale would be lower than the true scale, so the shopkeeper gains profit by selling a lesser quantity of goods to the customer.

So, the profit percentage would be:

Profit% = [(true weight - false weight)/(false weight)] × 100%

Here, while calculating gain or profit percent, we have taken false weight as a base. Because CP is what is paid when an item is purchased or manufactured. Here, in this case, the dishonest shopkeeper is telling false weight to be the CP and he is gaining only when sells at the false weight.

E.g. A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but he uses a weight of 930g for 1kg weight. Find his gain percent.

Sol: This dealer sells his goods at CP but uses false weight so

Profit% = [(true weight - false weight)/(false weight)] × 100%

Profit% = [(1000 - 930) / 930] × 100% = 70/930 × 100%

Profit% = 7/93 × 100% = 7.53% (Ans.)

We discussed the case where the dealer sells his goods at cost price. What would happen if he did not sell his product at cost price and used a false scale too. Let him not sell his product at CP and gains/loss of x%.

By combining these two effects the dealer would get a gain of G% in selling his goods to the consumer by using false weight.

E.g. A man sells rice at 10% profit and uses 30% less than the actual measure. His gain percent is?

Sol: Let the weight be 1000 g and if he uses 30% less weight then the false scale would be 1000 × 0.7 = 700 g (multiplying factor)

According to formula,

⇒ (100 + G) / (100 + x) = (true value) / (false value)

⇒ (100 + G) / (100 + 10) = 1000 / 700

⇒ 100 + G = 10/7 × 110

⇒ 100 + G = 157.1428

⇒ G = 57.1428% Profit (Ans.)

SPECIAL CASE: If a shopkeeper sells his goods at a% loss on cost price but uses 'b' g instead of 'c' g, then his percentage profit or loss is

Profit or Loss % = [(100 - a) × c/b - 100]%

E.g. A dealer sells goods at a 6% loss on cost price but uses 14g instead of 16g. What is his percentage profit or loss?

Sol: By comparing with the formula, we got,

a = 6, b = 14, c = 16

So putting the values in the formula,

⇒ [(100 - 6) × 16/14 - 100)] = 94 × 8/7 - 100

⇒ (752 - 700)/7

⇒ 52/7% Or 7.43% gain (Ans.)

Now let's take some hard examples so that you can understand the whole topic more clearly.

E.g. A milkman who claims to sell the milk at the cost price of milk adds 10 litres of water to 'x' liters of milk. Due to this dishonest dealing, he earns 20% profit. If he added 25 liters of water instead of 'x' liters and also sold at selling price which is 20% more than the cost price, what will the profit (%) he earns?

Sol: Let the cost price of the milk be y

Now the milk mixture amounts (x + 10) liters

Sales = (x + 10) × y

Cost = x × y

Profit Sales Cost = 10y

Profit% = Profit/Cost × 100

⇒ 20 = (10y)/(xy) × 100

⇒ x = 50 liters

Now 25 liters of water added

Selling price = [(100 + 20)/100] × y = 1.2y

Sales = (50 + 25) × 1.2y = 90y

Cost = 50 × y = 50y

Profit = 90y - 50y = 40y

Profit% = Profit/Cost × 100 = (40y)/(50y) × 100 = 80%

E.g. A restaurant incurs two costs to make a delivery - food preparation cost and delivery cost. Initially, the food was sold at marked price and the actual delivery cost of Rs 12 was collected as delivery cost, giving the owner 32% profit on overall cost. Now the restaurant gives 10% discount but increases the delivery charge by 50%, this gives a profit of 26%. What is the cost of food preparation? (in rupees)

Sol: Let the food preparation cost and the marked price be Rs x and Rs y respectively

Total charge = S.P. + Delivery charge

Total cost = Food preparation cost + Delivery cost

When sold at M.P.

Total sales = M.P. + 12 = y + 12

Cost = x + 12

Profit = 32%

S.P. = (100 + Profit%)/100 × C.P.

y + 12 = 1.32 × (x + 12) ---- 1)

When sold at 10% discount

Delivery charge = (100 + 50)/100 × 12 = Rs 18

Total sales = MP × (100 - 10)/100 + 18

⇒ 0.9y + 18 = (100 + 26)/100 × (x + 12)

⇒ 0.9y + 18 = 1.26 (x + 12) ---- 2)

Equation 2) + 1)

⇒ 1.26/1.32 = (0.9y + 18) / (y + 12)

⇒ 21/22 = (0.9y + 18) / (y + 12)

⇒ 21y + 252 = 19.8y + 396

⇒ 144 = 1.2y

∴ y = Rs 120

Substituting in equation 1)

⇒ 132 = 1.32 × (x + 12)

∴ x = Rs 88

E.g. Three types of soaps are sold in a shop. Selling price of soap C is Rs 2 more than the selling price of soap B which is in turn Rs 2 more than the selling price of A. By selling each unit of soap A and soap B the shopkeeper earns a profit of 25% and 10% respectively and suffers a loss of 20% by selling soap C. If the shopkeeper sells one unit of soaps A, B and C, he makes no net profit nor loss, then what is the selling price of one unit of soap B?

Sol: Let the selling price of soap A = x

Selling price of soap B = x + 2

Selling price of soap C = (x + 2) + 2 = x + 4

Cost price of A = S.P. × 100/(100 + Profit)

⇒ x × 100/(100 + 25) = 4x/5

Cost price of B = (x + 2) × 100/(100 + 10) = 10x/11 + 20/11

Cost price of C = (x + 4) × 100/(100 - 20) = 5x/4 + 5

For no loss nor profit, Sum of S.P. = Sum of C.P.

x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 4x/5 + 10x/11 + 20/11 + 5x/4 + 5

⇒ 3x + 6 = (176x + 200x + 275x)/220 + 75/11

⇒ 3x + 6 = (651x)/220 + 75/11

⇒ 3x - (651x)/220 = 75/11 - 6

⇒ (660x - 651x)/220 = (7566)/11

⇒ 9x/220 = 9/11

⇒ x = 220/11 = Rs 20

Selling price of soap B = x + 2 = Rs 22

We have covered all aspects of questions which can be asked in profit and loss now. Profit and Loss and specially discount is the important topic for the WBP Constable Exam and if you want to score well in the quant section then you can't miss this topic because questions on profit and loss will be definitely asked in your paper. Do practice as it is the key to success in the quant section.

If you like this blog, do check out our latest blog on the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/learn-the-basics-of-averages-for-wbp-constable-exam" target="_blank">Basics of Averages</a> by clicking on the embedded link. Stay tuned!

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WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2018 - Questions with Answer Key

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WBCS প্রিলিমস 2018 সমাধান

WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2018 Solutions - Download PDF

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Welcome to your comprehensive guide on the West Bengal National Parks in preparation for the WBP (West Bengal Police) Constable exam. West Bengal, known for its cultural richness, also boasts a remarkable natural heritage. Its national parks are not only a testament to this natural beauty but also serve as vital wildlife sanctuaries and conservation hubs.

In this expansive resource, we embark on a journey through the wilderness of West Bengal, unraveling the treasures of its national parks. Here, you will gain profound insights into the unique flora and fauna that call these parks home, from the dense mangroves of the Sundarbans to the rugged terrains of Buxa. We'll explore the biodiversity, ecosystems, and conservation initiatives that make these protected areas significant.

As a WBP Constable aspirant, you understand the value of comprehensive preparation. Beyond the obvious reasons, a strong grasp of West Bengal's national parks is indispensable, as it aids in the understanding of the state's environment, ecological balance, and the importance of preserving these natural havens. Whether you're a first-time candidate or seeking to bolster your knowledge, this guide equips you with essential information for the exam. But first, let's understand what are the National Parks, in general.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-0">National Parks</h2>

A national park is an area created and protected by the national government for conservation purposes. An international organisation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), has defined "National Park" as its Category II type of protected areas. According to the IUCN, 6,555 national parks worldwide met its criteria in 2006. IUCN is still discussing the parameters of defining a national park. National parks are almost always open to visitors.

<img alt="West Bengal National Parks" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal National Parks.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: BirderPics]

<h2 id="content-id-1945-1">Characteristics of a National Park</h2>

National parks are havens of natural splendor, safeguarding ecosystems that have been preserved from significant human interference. These protected areas offer a glimpse into nature's pristine beauty, showcasing diverse flora, fauna, and geomorphological features of educational, recreational, and scientific significance.

Key Characteristics of National Parks:

<ol>
	<li>
	Pristine Ecosystems: National parks protect ecosystems that have not been significantly altered by human activities. These areas harbor unique assemblages of plants, animals, and habitats, often representing rare or endangered species.
	</li>
	<li>
	Government Protection: Governments play a crucial role in safeguarding these natural treasures. They implement measures to eliminate human encroachment, enforce regulations to protect the park's unique features, and provide adequate funding and staffing for effective management.
	</li>
	<li>
	Visitor Regulations: Visitors are welcome to experience the wonders of these natural sanctuaries, but their presence is regulated to minimize any potential impact on the delicate ecosystems. Guidelines ensure responsible tourism and sustainable practices.
	</li>
	<li>
	Minimum Size: National parks typically encompass a minimum area of 1,000 hectares, creating a vast expanse where nature conservation takes priority. This extensive size allows for the preservation of large-scale ecological processes and diverse habitats.
	</li>
	<li>
	Legal Protection: Stringent legal protection safeguards these areas, often enshrined in national legislation or international agreements. This legal framework provides a strong foundation for conservation efforts and ensures the long-term protection of the park's natural resources.
	</li>
	<li>
	Resource Conservation: Exploitation of natural resources within national parks is strictly prohibited, including activities such as dam construction or excessive resource extraction. This protection preserves the ecological integrity of the park and prevents disruptions to natural processes.
	</li>
	<li>
	Controlled Activities: Certain controlled activities, such as regulated sport hunting, fishing, and necessary management interventions, may be permitted under specific guidelines. These activities are carefully managed to ensure they align with the park's conservation goals and do not negatively impact the ecosystem.
	</li>
	<li>
	Educational and Recreational Value: National parks offer a wealth of educational and recreational opportunities. Visitors can engage in activities such as hiking, camping, wildlife viewing, and environmental education programs, fostering appreciation for nature and promoting conservation awareness.
	</li>
	<li>
	Scientific Importance: National parks serve as invaluable research sites, providing scientists with opportunities to study natural ecosystems and gain insights into ecological processes, biodiversity patterns, and the impacts of environmental change.
	</li>
	<li>
	Global Conservation Legacy: The concept of national parks emerged in 1872 with the establishment of Yellowstone National Park in the United States, marking a pivotal moment in the global conservation movement. Today, national parks stand as testaments to our commitment to preserving the planet's natural heritage for future generations to cherish.
	</li>
</ol>

To your knowledge, In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established in the United States as the first national park.

Now, let's move on to the National Park in West Bengal.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-2">West Bengal National Parks</h2>

West Bengal, a state known for its cultural diversity, also boasts remarkable natural treasures in the form of national parks. These protected areas are essential for conserving the state's rich biodiversity, providing sanctuary to various species of flora and fauna. The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world, is renowned for its Royal Bengal Tigers.

Buxa, Gorumara, and Neora Valley National Parks are other vital conservation hubs, housing diverse ecosystems and offering incredible opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts. These parks not only preserve West Bengal's natural beauty but also contribute to ecological balance and environmental education, making them significant assets for the state and the nation.

Let's discuss about these parts in details.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-3">Singalila National Park</h2>

Perched atop the Singalila Ridge in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, Singalila National Park is a mesmerizing realm of alpine landscapes and rich biodiversity. Established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1986 and elevated to national park status in 1992, Singalila encompasses an area of 78.6 square kilometers, bordering Nepal's Singalila National Park to the west.

The park's elevation ranges from 7,000 to 12,000 feet, creating a mosaic of diverse habitats, including temperate forests, bamboo thickets, and alpine meadows. Rhododendrons, the park's signature flora, paint the landscape with vibrant hues during spring.

The park's varied habitats, from temperate forests to alpine meadows, provide refuge for the elusive red panda, Himalayan black bear, and a diverse array of birdlife. The Singalila Ridge Trail offers stunning Himalayan panoramas, including views of Kanchenjunga, the world's third-highest peak.

<img alt="Singalila National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Singalila National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: RoundGlass Sustain]

Singalila National Park is a testament to nature's resilience and beauty, offering a sanctuary for endangered species and a mesmerizing escape into the heart of the Himalayas.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-4">Neora Valley National Park</h2>

Tucked away in the picturesque Kalimpong district of West Bengal, Neora Valley National Park is a hidden gem of biodiversity and pristine wilderness. Established in 1986, the park encompasses an expanse of 88 square kilometers, safeguarding a mosaic of dense forests, cascading waterfalls, and rugged mountainous terrain.

Neora Valley is renowned for its rich diversity of flora and fauna, including over 400 species of birds, 150 species of butterflies, and a host of mammals, such as the elusive red panda, clouded leopard, and Indian wild dog. The park's varied habitats range from sub-tropical to temperate forests, providing a haven for a wide array of wildlife.

Adventure seekers can embark on trekking expeditions through the park's verdant landscapes, encountering cascading waterfalls, gurgling streams, and breathtaking vistas of the snow-capped Himalayan peaks. The park's remoteness and pristine beauty offer a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the tranquility of nature.

<img alt="Neora Valley National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Neora Valley National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: North Bengal Tourism]

Neora Valley National Park stands as a testament to the importance of conservation, safeguarding a rich tapestry of life amidst the enchanting landscapes of the Himalayas. It is a sanctuary for endangered species, a source of natural wonder, and an inspiration for environmental stewardship.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-5">Buxa National Park</h2>

Buxa National Park, nestled in the foothills of the majestic Himalayas in West Bengal's Alipurduar district, is a realm of pristine wilderness and captivating biodiversity. Established in 1983, the park encompasses an expanse of 760 square kilometers, encompassing a mosaic of dense forests, meandering rivers, and rugged mountainous terrain.

The park's diverse habitats, ranging from tropical forests to subalpine meadows, provide refuge for an impressive array of wildlife. Over 284 bird species grace the skies, while mammals such as the Asian elephant, gaur, sambar deer, and clouded leopard roam the verdant landscapes. The park is also home to a remarkable diversity of orchids, adding a splash of color to the lush greenery.

Adventure enthusiasts can embark on trekking expeditions through the park's picturesque trails, encountering cascading waterfalls, gurgling streams, and breathtaking vistas of the snow-capped Himalayan peaks. The park's remoteness and pristine beauty offer a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the tranquility of nature.

<img alt="Buxa National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Buxa National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: The Times of India]

<h2 id="content-id-1945-6">Gorumara National Park</h2>

Gorumara National Park, situated in the picturesque Dooars region of West Bengal's Jalpaiguri district, is a haven of verdant landscapes and captivating wildlife. Established in 1994, the park encompasses an area of 80 square kilometers, encompassing a mosaic of grasslands, dense forests, and meandering rivers.

The park's diverse habitats provide refuge for an impressive array of wildlife, including the iconic Indian rhinoceros, the majestic Asian elephant, gaur, sambar deer, and a rich diversity of birdlife. The park's grasslands are a haven for herbivores, while its forests provide shelter for elusive predators such as the leopard and the clouded leopard.

Adventure seekers can embark on jeep safaris through the park's verdant landscapes, encountering grazing rhinos, herds of elephants, and a plethora of bird species. Watchtowers offer panoramic views of the park's diverse habitats, providing opportunities to spot wildlife in their natural environment.

<img alt="Gorumara National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Gorumara National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: Travel Triangle]

<h2 id="content-id-1945-7">Sundarban National Park</h2>

Nestled within the vast Ganges Delta, Sundarbans National Park is a realm of intricate waterways and verdant mangrove forests, spanning across India's West Bengal state and Bangladesh. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this unique ecosystem encompasses an area of over 10,000 square kilometers, forming the world's largest contiguous mangrove forest.

The Indian portion of Sundarbans National Park, established in 1984, covers an area of 4,262 square kilometers, extending across the South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. The park shares a border with the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh, forming a transboundary conservation zone.

Sundarbans is renowned for its intricate network of tidal waterways, creating a labyrinthine landscape of islands and estuaries. The park's most iconic feature is its dense mangrove forests, providing a vital habitat for a diverse array of wildlife, including the majestic Royal Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodiles, and endangered species like the Ganges River dolphin and the Indian python.

The park's rich biodiversity and unique ecosystem make it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Visitors can explore the park's waterways by boat, embarking on wildlife-spotting expeditions and experiencing the tranquility of the mangrove forests.

<img alt="Sundarban National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Sundarban National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: Holidify]

Sundarbans National Park stands as a testament to the importance of preserving these irreplaceable ecosystems. It serves as a vital habitat for endangered species, a source of natural wonder, and a reminder of the delicate balance between humans and the natural world.

<h2 id="content-id-1945-8">Jaldapara National Park</h2>

Jaldapara National Park, nestled in the picturesque Dooars region of West Bengal's Alipurduar district, is a haven of verdant grasslands, dense forests, and meandering rivers. Established in 1941, the park encompasses an expanse of 216.51 square kilometers, providing a sanctuary for an impressive array of wildlife.

The park's most iconic resident is the majestic Indian one-horned rhinoceros, with a population of over 200 individuals. Herds of elephants gracefully traverse the grasslands, while sambar deer, barking deer, and wild boars add to the park's rich biodiversity. The park's forests are home to elusive predators such as the leopard and the clouded leopard, while the skies are graced by over 240 species of birds.

Adventure enthusiasts can embark on thrilling jeep safaris through the park's grasslands, encountering grazing rhinos, herds of elephants, and a plethora of birdlife. Watchtowers offer panoramic views of the park's diverse habitats, providing opportunities to spot wildlife in their natural environment.

<img alt="Jaldapara National Park" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Jaldapara National Park.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px">

[Source: Jaldapara National Park]

So, this is all for West Bengal National Parks blog. In our exploration of West Bengal's national parks, we've uncovered the beauty and importance of these protected natural landscapes. As we continue, we'll delve into the state's national parks, exploring their diverse ecosystems and captivating wildlife. Join us in discovering the secrets of these sanctuaries, their inhabitants, and their role in preserving the state's ecological balance. We will also discuss the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/explore-the-wildlife-sanctuaries-of-west-bengal" target="_blank">Wildlife Sanctuaries of West Bengal</a> in our next blog. Stay Tuned!

Know everything about the National Parks, its characterstics and the West Bengal National Parks for WBP Constable Exam.

Know Everything about West Bengal National Parks

WBCS Syllabus 2023 - Subject Wise Topics

WBCS Syllabus 2023 - Subject Wise Topics Weightage

Are you among the passionate people in West Bengal who have been anticipating the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023 with great anticipation? You're not alone in your excitement, though, as the WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023 has really stoked interest among aspirants and job seekers alike. We're going to take a trip together through this blog, delving into the specifics of this important WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023. In addition, let's start by going over the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WB_Police_Constable_notification_2023.pdf">WB Police Constable Notification 2023</a> and the key exam dates list.

<h2 id="content-id-2463-0">WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023</h2>

All of the applicants felt a mixture of excitement and anxiety after the official release of the WB Police Constable announcement. It is with great anticipation that the West Bengal Police has agreed to provide the much-needed examination schedule! However, let's take some time to review the important details included in the official notification before getting further into this topic.

<img alt="WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WB_Police_Constable_Exam_Date_2023.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: KD Live]

As per the official notification, the timeline for submitting online applications spans from February 27, 2023 to March 18, 2023. Now that you have clarity on the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023, let us brief you a little about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wb-police-constable-notification-2023-recruitment-for-12000-govt-jobs">West Bengal Police Constable Notification 2023</a> in the next segment.

<h2 id="content-id-2463-1">WB Police Constable Notification 2023</h2>

All Indian medical institutes that offer undergraduate medical degrees send out the WB Police Constable Notification for admission. We'll quickly go over every important element regarding the WB Police Constable Notification 2023 with you.

<ul>
	<li>The WB Police Constable Notification 2023 was released on February 27, 2023.</li>
	<li>Further, in the WB Police constable exam, you will counter four stages.</li>
	<li>Moreover, this exam covers five subjects in total.</li>
</ul>

Now, since you have had a brief understanding of the WB Police Constable exam, let us take a look at the next segment.

<h2 id="content-id-2463-2">WB Police Constable Admit Card 2023</h2>

It is important for you to be aware that a few days prior to the exam date, the WBPRB will release the admit card for the WB Police Constable Written Exam. Your name, roll number, exam location, and exam hours are all included on your WB Police Constable Admit Card in PDF format. It also includes important guidelines that you have to follow at the testing location.

<h2 id="content-id-2463-3">WB Police Constable Exam Pattern 2023</h2>

Now that you know all about the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023 and admit card, it is essential to know about the exam pattern How about we give you a quick brief? Understanding the WB Police Constable exam pattern is essential, as it empowers you to tailor your preparation, giving you an edge in areas where others might struggle. This knowledge provides a significant competitive advantage. So, let's explore the WB Police Constable exam pattern for 2023.

In your WB Police Constable Exam journey, you'll encounter four key stages:

<ul>
	<li>The Preliminary Exam</li>
	<li>PMT and PET</li>
	<li>The Final Written Exam</li>
	<li>The Interview</li>
</ul>

Consequently, some important pointers to make note of are:

<ul>
	<li>The examination will consist of 100 questions and will last for a duration of 1 hours.</li>
	<li>The WB Police Constable exam will be in an objective format, featuring multiple-choice questions.</li>
	<li>Additionally, there's a deduction of 1/4 of the assigned mark i.e. 0.25 mark for each wrong answer.</li>
	<li>The test is available in Bengali and Nepali languages.</li>
</ul>

Moreover, you can refer to our blog, WB Police Constable Exam Pattern 2023 for better understanding. 

<h2 id="content-id-2463-4">WB Police Constable Syllabus 2023</h2>

Now that you have a clear understanding of the exam pattern, it's crucial to delve into the syllabus details, as it will help you prepare strategically. Here are the subjects that the WB Police Constable examination covers:

<ul>
	<li>General Awareness</li>
	<li>General Knowledge</li>
	<li>Reasoning</li>
	<li>Elementary Mathematics</li>
	<li>English Language</li>
</ul>

For more information, you can refer to our blog, WB Police Constable Syllabus 2023.

<h2 id="content-id-2463-5">Preparation Tips for WB Police Constable 2023</h2>

You must have a firm understanding of the WB Police Constable Exam Syllabus by this point, which will serve as the basis for your preparation. The following preparation tips will help you get started on the right path to passing the WB Police Constable exam in 2023:

<ul>
	<li>Before initiating your preparation, it's crucial to thoroughly look at the exam pattern and syllabus, including the weightage assigned to each topic.</li>
	<li>Efficient time management is important in competitive exams like WB Police Constable.</li>
	<li>Undergo practice and engage in numerous mock tests.</li>
	<li>Solving previous year's question papers provides insights into the examination's nature, pattern, and difficulty level.</li>
	<li>Prepare the notes that can serve as a quick revision guide.</li>
</ul>

We hope this essay was helpful in providing you with a good deal of clarity on the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023. Additionally, we will use our official website to keep you updated on the Admit Card and the Result. We send our warmest regards for your next pursuits and an enjoyable voyage.

Are you among the passionate people in West Bengal who have been anticipating the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023 with great anticipation? You&#39;re not alone in your excitement, though, as the WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023 has really stoked interest among aspirants and job seekers alike. We&#39;re going to take a trip together through this blog, delving into the specifics of this important WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023. In addition, let&#39;s start by going over the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WB_Police_Constable_notification_2023.pdf">WB Police Constable Notification 2023</a> and the key exam dates list.

<h2>WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023</h2>

All of the applicants felt a mixture of excitement and anxiety after the official release of the WB Police Constable announcement. It is with great anticipation that the West Bengal Police has agreed to provide the much-needed examination schedule! However, let&#39;s take some time to review the important details included in the official notification before getting further into this topic.

<img alt="WB Police Constable Exam Date 2023" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WB_Police_Constable_Exam_Date_2023.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px" />

[Source: KD Live]

As per the official notification, the timeline for submitting online applications spans from February 27, 2023 to March 18, 2023. Now that you have clarity on the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023, let us brief you a little about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wb-police-constable-notification-2023-recruitment-for-12000-govt-jobs">West Bengal Police Constable Notification 2023</a> in the next segment.

<h2>WB Police Constable Notification 2023</h2>

All Indian medical institutes that offer undergraduate medical degrees send out the WB Police Constable Notification for admission. We&#39;ll quickly go over every important element regarding the WB Police Constable Notification 2023 with you.

<ul>
	<li>The WB Police Constable Notification 2023 was released on February 27, 2023.</li>
	<li>Further, in the WB Police constable exam, you will counter four stages.</li>
	<li>Moreover, this exam covers five subjects in total.</li>
</ul>

Now, since you have had a brief understanding of the WB Police Constable exam, let us take a look at the next segment.

<h2>WB Police Constable Admit Card 2023</h2>

It is important for you to be aware that a few days prior to the exam date, the WBPRB will release the admit card for the WB Police Constable Written Exam. Your name, roll number, exam location, and exam hours are all included on your WB Police Constable Admit Card in PDF format. It also includes important guidelines that you have to follow at the testing location.

<h2>WB Police Constable Exam Pattern 2023</h2>

Now that you know all about the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023 and admit card, it is essential to know about the exam pattern How about we give you a quick brief?&nbsp;Understanding the WB Police Constable exam pattern is essential, as it empowers you to tailor your preparation, giving you an edge in areas where others might struggle. This knowledge provides a significant competitive advantage. So, let&#39;s explore the WB Police Constable exam pattern for 2023.

In your WB Police Constable Exam journey, you&#39;ll encounter four key stages:

<ul>
	<li>The Preliminary Exam</li>
	<li>PMT and PET</li>
	<li>The Final Written Exam</li>
	<li>The Interview</li>
</ul>

Consequently, some important pointers to make note of are:

<ul>
	<li>The examination will consist of 100 questions and will last for a duration of 1 hours.</li>
	<li>The WB Police Constable exam will be in an objective format, featuring multiple-choice questions.</li>
	<li>Additionally, there&#39;s a deduction of 1/4 of the assigned mark i.e. 0.25 mark for each wrong answer.</li>
	<li>The test is available in Bengali and Nepali languages.</li>
</ul>

Moreover, you can refer to our blog, WB Police Constable Exam Pattern 2023 for better understanding.&nbsp;

<h2>WB Police Constable Syllabus 2023</h2>

Now that you have a clear understanding of the exam pattern, it&#39;s crucial to delve into the syllabus details, as it will help you prepare strategically. Here are the subjects that the WB Police Constable examination covers:

<ul>
	<li>General Awareness</li>
	<li>General Knowledge</li>
	<li>Reasoning</li>
	<li>Elementary Mathematics</li>
	<li>English Language</li>
</ul>

For more information, you can refer to our blog, WB Police Constable Syllabus 2023.

<h2>Preparation Tips for WB Police Constable 2023</h2>

You must&nbsp;have a firm understanding of the WB Police Constable Exam Syllabus by this point, which will serve as the basis for your preparation. The following preparation tips will help you get started on the right path to passing the WB Police Constable exam in 2023:

<ul>
	<li>Before initiating your preparation, it&#39;s crucial to thoroughly look at the exam pattern and syllabus, including the weightage assigned to each topic.</li>
	<li>Efficient time management is important in competitive exams like WB Police Constable.</li>
	<li>Undergo practice and engage in numerous mock tests.</li>
	<li>Solving previous year&#39;s question papers provides insights into the examination&#39;s nature, pattern, and difficulty level.</li>
	<li>Prepare the notes that can serve as a quick revision guide.</li>
</ul>

We hope this essay was helpful in providing you with a good deal of clarity on the WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023. Additionally, we will use our official website to keep you updated on the Admit Card and the Result. We send our warmest regards for your next pursuits and an enjoyable voyage.

WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023&nbsp;

WB Police Constable Exam Dates 2023 -  The Date of Exam to be announced

Are you among the passionate people in West Bengal who have been anticipating the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 with great anticipation? You're not alone in your excitement, though, as the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 have really stoked interest among aspirants and job seekers alike. We're going to take a trip together through this blog, delving into the specifics of these important WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023. In addition, let's start by going over the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023 and the key exam dates list.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-0">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023</h2>

All of the applicants felt a mixture of excitement and anxiety after the official release of the WBPSC Miscellaneous announcement. It is with great anticipation that the West Bengal Public Service Commission has agreed to provide the much-needed examination schedule! However, let's take some time to review the important details included in the official notification before getting further into this topic.

<img alt="WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBPSC_Miscellaneous_Service_Exam_Dates_2023.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

As per the official notification, the timeline for submitting online applications spans from October 5, 2023, to November 2, 2023. Now that you have clarity on the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023, let us brief you a little about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023 in the next segment.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-1">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023</h2>

The West Bengal Public Service Commission released the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBPSC-Miscellaneous-Services-Recruitment-Notification-2023.pdf">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023</a> on October 3, 2023. However, after the release of the notification, WBPSC opens the <a href="https://sbi.co.in/web/careers/current-openings">application window</a> for candidates to apply online. You can apply for these jobs online, and the last day to do that is November 2, 2023, until 3p.m.

Moreover, to become a WBPSC Miscellaneous Service candidate, you need to pass a test. However, if you want to know more about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-recruitment-notification-2023-pdf-out-now">WBPSC Miscellaneous Notification 2023</a>, read our blog on the same by clicking on the provided link. Further, let us now proceed forward to learn about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Exam Dates 2023 and all the other important dates regarding this exam.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-2">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Admit card 2023</h2>

As a candidate, you should be informed that the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Admit Card 2023 will be accessible online on the official website maintained by the recruitment officials. The official admit card will provide you with important information like the exact date, test center, and timing of the WBPSC Miscellaneous exam. Keep in mind that without this essential WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Admit Card, you will not be able to enter the test room.

Further, if you want to know more about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-admit-card-2023-download-your-hall-ticket">WBPSC Miscellaneous Admit Card 2023</a>, make sure to read our blog by clicking on the embedded link.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-3">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Pattern 2023</h2>

By understanding all there is to know about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 and admit card, it is imperative that you also understand the exam format. Would you like to be briefed quickly? Knowing the format of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service exam is crucial since it allows you to customize your study and gives you an advantage in areas where others might find it difficult. This information gives you a big competitive edge. This brings us to our discussion of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service exam format for 2023.

As per the WBPSC Miscellaneous Recruitment Notification 2023, the examination process will consist of three consecutive stages for you:

<ul>
	<li>Preliminary Examination (Objective Type)</li>
	<li>Final Examination (Conventional Type: Written)</li>
	<li>Personality Test</li>
</ul>

For more information on the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-exam-pattern-450-questions-in-240-minutes">WBPSC Miscellaneous Exam Pattern 2023</a>, make sure to check out our blog. Furthermore, let’s move on to the syllabus of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services exam.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-4">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Syllabus 2023</h2>

Now that you understand the format of the exam, it's time to familiarize yourself with the topics you'll need to pay attention to. It also provides the framework for a planned and successful preparation process. Now let's examine the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services Exam 2023 syllabus in more detail.

<h3>Preliminary Examination</h3>

<ul>
	<li>General Studies</li>
	<li>Arithmetic</li>
</ul>

<h3>Final Examination</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Paper-I: English</li>
	<li>Paper-II: Bengali/Hindi/Urdu/Nepali/Santali</li>
	<li>Paper III: General Studies and Arithmetic</li>
</ul>

For more information on the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-services-syllabus-2023-subject-wise-topics-weightage">WBPSC Miscellaneous Syllabus 2023</a>, make sure to check out our blog by clicking on the provided link. Moreover, let's now understand how to prepare for the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services exam.

<h2 id="content-id-2589-5">Preparation Tips for WBPSC Miscellaneous Service 2023</h2>

Preparing for the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam 2023? Here are some helpful preparation tips:

<ol>
	<li>Understand the Exam Pattern: Get familiar with the WBPSC exam pattern, including the number of sections, marks distribution, and time limits. Furthermore, this will help you plan your study strategy.</li>
	<li>Create a Study Plan: Develop a study schedule that covers all the subjects and allows you to revise regularly. Allocate more time to your weaker areas.</li>
	<li>Mock Tests: Take regular mock tests to get a feel of the real exam. It helps in improving time management and identifying weak areas.</li>
	<li>Current Affairs: Stay updated with current affairs, especially in the banking and financial sectors. This knowledge is crucial for the General Awareness section.</li>
	<li>Practice Papers: Practice solving questions regularly to improve your speed and accuracy. Moreover, focus on solving different types of questions in each subject.</li>
</ol>

Remember, consistent effort and a well-structured study plan are essential for cracking the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam. Good luck with your preparations!

In this blog, we provided all the essential information regarding the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023. We are aware that knowing the exact dates of your exams is essential to your preparation. Thus, follow us for updates on any modifications to the exam schedule. Additionally, make thoughtful preparation plans and adhere to an organized study schedule. Don't forget to work hard and confidently to ace the test. We wish you luck as you get ready. May the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam of 2023 bring you success!

Are you among the passionate people in West Bengal who have been anticipating the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 with great anticipation? You&#39;re not alone in your excitement, though, as the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 have really stoked interest among aspirants and job seekers alike. We&#39;re going to take a trip together through this blog, delving into the specifics of these important WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023. In addition, let&#39;s start by going over the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023 and the key exam dates list.

<h2>WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023</h2>

All of the applicants felt a mixture of excitement and anxiety after the official release of the WBPSC Miscellaneous announcement. It is with great anticipation that the West Bengal Public Service Commission has agreed to provide the much-needed examination schedule! However, let&#39;s take some time to review the important details included in the official notification before getting further into this topic.

<img alt="WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBPSC_Miscellaneous_Service_Exam_Dates_2023.svg" style="height:300px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

As per the official notification, the timeline for submitting online applications spans from October 5, 2023, to November 2, 2023. Now that you have clarity on the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023, let us brief you a little about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023 in the next segment.

<h2>WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023</h2>

The West Bengal Public Service Commission released the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/WBPSC-Miscellaneous-Services-Recruitment-Notification-2023.pdf">WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Notification 2023</a>&nbsp;on October 3, 2023. However, after the release of the notification, WBPSC opens the&nbsp;<a href="https://sbi.co.in/web/careers/current-openings">application window</a> for candidates to apply online. You can apply for these jobs online, and the last day to do that is November 2, 2023, until 3p.m.

Moreover, to become a WBPSC Miscellaneous Service candidate, you need to pass a test. However, if you want to know more about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-recruitment-notification-2023-pdf-out-now">WBPSC Miscellaneous Notification 2023</a>, read our blog on the same by clicking on the provided link. Further, let us now proceed forward to learn about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Exam Dates 2023 and all the other important dates regarding this exam.

<h2>WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Admit card 2023</h2>

As a candidate, you should be informed that the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Admit Card 2023 will be accessible online on the official website maintained by the recruitment officials. The official admit card will provide you with important information like the exact date, test center, and timing of the WBPSC Miscellaneous exam. Keep in mind that without this essential WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Admit Card, you will not be able to enter the test room.

Further, if you want to know more about the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-admit-card-2023-download-your-hall-ticket">WBPSC Miscellaneous Admit Card 2023</a>, make sure to read our blog by clicking on the embedded link.

<h2>WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Pattern 2023</h2>

By understanding all there is to know about the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 and admit card, it is imperative that you also understand the exam format. Would you like to be briefed quickly? Knowing the format of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service exam is crucial since it allows you to customize your study and gives you an advantage in areas where others might find it difficult. This information gives you a big competitive edge. This brings us to our discussion of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service exam format for 2023.

As per the&nbsp;WBPSC Miscellaneous&nbsp;Recruitment Notification 2023, the examination process will consist of three consecutive stages for you:

<ul>
	<li>Preliminary Examination (Objective Type)</li>
	<li>Final Examination (Conventional Type: Written)</li>
	<li>Personality Test</li>
</ul>

For more information on the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-exam-pattern-450-questions-in-240-minutes">WBPSC Miscellaneous Exam Pattern 2023</a>, make sure to check out our blog. Furthermore, let&rsquo;s move on to the syllabus of the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services exam.

<h2>WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Syllabus 2023</h2>

Now that you understand the format of the exam, it&#39;s time to familiarize yourself with the topics you&#39;ll need to pay attention to. It also provides the framework for a planned and successful preparation process. Now let&#39;s examine the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services Exam 2023 syllabus in more detail.

<h3>Preliminary Examination</h3>

<ul>
	<li>General Studies</li>
	<li>Arithmetic</li>
</ul>

<h3>Final Examination</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Paper-I: English</li>
	<li>Paper-II: Bengali/Hindi/Urdu/Nepali/Santali</li>
	<li>Paper III: General Studies and Arithmetic</li>
</ul>

For more information on the <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbpsc-miscellaneous-services-syllabus-2023-subject-wise-topics-weightage">WBPSC Miscellaneous Syllabus&nbsp;2023</a>, make sure to check out our blog by clicking on the provided link. Moreover, let&#39;s now understand how to prepare for the WBPSC Miscellaneous Services exam.

<h2>Preparation Tips for WBPSC Miscellaneous Service 2023</h2>

Preparing for the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam 2023? Here are some helpful preparation tips:

<ol>
	<li>Understand the Exam Pattern: Get familiar with the WBPSC exam pattern, including the number of sections, marks distribution, and time limits. Furthermore, this will help you plan your study strategy.</li>
	<li>Create a Study Plan: Develop a study schedule that covers all the subjects and allows you to revise regularly. Allocate more time to your weaker areas.</li>
	<li>Mock Tests: Take regular mock tests to get a feel of the real exam. It helps in improving time management and identifying weak areas.</li>
	<li>Current Affairs: Stay updated with current affairs, especially in the banking and financial sectors. This knowledge is crucial for the General Awareness section.</li>
	<li>Practice Papers: Practice solving questions regularly to improve your speed and accuracy. Moreover,&nbsp;focus on solving different types of questions in each subject.</li>
</ol>

Remember, consistent effort and a well-structured study plan are essential for cracking the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam. Good luck with your preparations!

In this blog, we provided all the essential information regarding the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023. We are aware that knowing the exact dates of your exams is essential to your preparation. Thus, follow us for updates on any modifications to the exam schedule. Additionally, make thoughtful preparation plans and adhere to an organized study schedule. Don&#39;t forget to work hard and confidently to ace the test. We&nbsp;wish you luck as you get ready. May the WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam of 2023 bring you success!

WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023&nbsp;

WBPSC Miscellaneous Service Exam Dates 2023 -  The Date of Exam to be announced

If you've set your sights on the prestigious <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-notification-2023-recruitment-for-govt-jobs">West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) examination</a>, you're undoubtedly aware of the challenging journey that lies ahead. The WBCS exam serves as a gateway to a fulfilling career in public administration. As you embark on this path, you'll find that a thorough understanding of various subjects is vital, but one topic that stands out as particularly crucial is "Analogy." Analogies are not only an integral part of the WBCS syllabus but also an essential component of reasoning that assesses your ability to think critically, make connections, and solve problems.

This blog is your ultimate resource for gaining a comprehensive understanding of analogies, offering a complete study material on the topic. We'll delve into the meaning of analogies, explore their different types with illustrative examples, and guide you through a step-by-step process to master this subject. But that's not all; we understand the importance of practice in cementing your knowledge, so we've included a plethora of practice questions to sharpen your analogy-solving skills. By the end of this blog, you'll be well-equipped to tackle analogy-based questions with confidence and precision, ultimately increasing your chances of acing the WBCS examination.

So, let's dive into the world of analogies and pave the way for your success in the WBCS exam!

<img alt="analogy study material for wbcs" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_wbcs_study_material.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2 id="content-id-5280-0">What is Analogy</h2>

Analogy is the chapter of Logical Reasoning which means similarity and correspondence. It shows the similarity between the two things. In this topic, two sets of elements are given, in which the first set of elements has some similarity or relationship with each other, that same similarity will also be followed by another set of elements.

Let us now understand the different types of analogies that we are going to cover in this blog.

Types of Analogy:

1. Letter Analogy

2. Number Analogy

3. Word Analogy (General Knowledge/ Meaning based)

4. Mixed Analogy

<h2 id="content-id-5280-1">Letter Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second set of letters is related to the first set of letters based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship, you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="Analogy Letter analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_letter_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Choose the fourth element which is related to the third element in the same way as the second element is related to the first element.

FT : UG :: LV : ?

1.OE  2.OD  3.KE  4.BP

Solution: (1) OE

Logic: The letters in the second element are the opposite of the letters given in the first element.

FT : UG - Opposite letter of F = U; Opposite letter of T = G

Similarly, LV : ? - Opposite letter of L = O; Opposite letter of V = E

<h2 id="content-id-5280-2">Number Analogy</h2>

<img alt="analogy number analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_number_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

In this type of analogy, there are two sub-types:

<h3>Pair - Based</h3>

In this type, the second set of numbers is related to the first set of numbers based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

Example: Choose the fourth element which is related to the third element in the same way as the second element is related to the first element.

38 : 121 :: 75 : ?

1.169  2.324  3.144  4.196

Solution: (3) 144

Logic: The second term is the square of the sum of digits of the number given in the first set.

38 : 121 ⇒ (3 + 8) = 11 ⇒ (11)² = 121

Similarly, 75 : ? ⇒ 7 + 5 = 12 ⇒ (12)² = 144

<h3>Similarity - Based</h3>

There is another sub-type in which a set of numbers is given in the question. You need to find another set that is based on a similar pattern from the given options.

Example: Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set.

(33, 75, 18)

1.(24, 62, 19)  2.(31, 13, 04)  3.(27, 13, 13)  4.None of the above

Solution: (3) (27, 13, 13)

Logic: The third number in the set is the sum of all the digits i.e. first as well as the second number.

(33, 75, 18): First number = 33; Second number = 75

3 + 3 + 7 + 5 = 18

Similarly, (27, 13, 13): First number = 27; Second number = 13

2 + 7 + 1 + 3 = 13

<h2 id="content-id-5280-3">Word Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second term is related to the first term either based on General Knowledge (Country, Capital, Currency, Animals and their young ones, etc.) or based on meaning (synonyms, antonyms, etc.). Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="analogy word analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_word_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h3>GK - Based</h3>

Example: Select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.

Acrophobia : Height :: Nyctophobia : ?

1.Fire  2.Air  3.Darkness  4.Light

Solution: (3) Darkness

Logic: Acrophobia is the fear of Height. Similarly, Nyctophobia is the fear of darkness.

<h3>Meaning - Based</h3>

Example: Select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.

Shortest : Tallest :: Coward : ?

1.Brave  2.Greatest  3.Minimum  4.None of the above

Solution: (1) Brave

Logic: Tallest is the opposite of the Shortest. Similarly, Brave is the opposite of Coward.

<h2 id="content-id-5280-4">Mixed Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second set may contain a pair of letters or mixed element (letter and number) that is related to the first set of letters based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="analogy mixed analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_mixed_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.

BT : 05 :: VP : ?

1.6  2.4  3.3  4.11

Solution: (4) 11

Logic: 2nd term = absolute difference between the positional value of the opposite of the first letter and the positional value of the second letter.

BT : 05

Opposite of B = Y; Positional value of Y = 25; Positional value of T = 20

So, 25 - 20 = 05

Similarly, VP : ?

Opposite of V = E; Positional value of E = 05; Positional value of P = 16

So, 16 - 05 = 11

Now that you have learned the basic concepts of Reasoning Analogy, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below are Analogy Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a much better way.

So, let's start practicing.

<h2 id="content-id-5280-5">Analogy Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 BACTERIA : EXFWBUFX :: WOUNDS : ?

1.ZLSQFW  

2.ZLRQGV

3.YLRQFV

4.ZRXQGV

Q:2 PATELS : BQFUTM :: NECTAR : ? 

1.FOVDBS

2.FODUSZ

3.FOUDSB

4.OEUDQB

Q:3 TAMPO : SCJTJ :: FIFTY : ? 

1.EKCXT

2.EKDXU

3.ELBXT

4.EKCYS

Direction (4 - 10): Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following set. (NOTE: Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into their constituent digits.)

Q:4 (3, 14, 1) (4, 36, 2) 

1.(8, 12, 2)

2.(5, 81, 4)

3.(7, 40, 3)

4.(8, 260, 2)

Q:5 (20, 6, 4) (24, 7, 5) 

1.(65, 9, 4)

2.(22, 5, 2)

3.(40, 8, 5)

4.(42, 7, 3)

Q:6 24 : -192 :: -31 : 248 :: -18 : ? 

1.-152

2.-146

3.148

4.144

Q:7 Select the option in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following set. 

(6, 9, 45)  

1.(6, 8, 60)

2.(2, 8, 46)

3.(7, 4, 48)

4.(8, 10, 36)

Q:8 173 : 125 : 85 

1.259 : 199 : 147

2.293 : 228 : 171

3.285 : 221 : 135

4.365 : 293 : 229

Q:9 12 : 72 :: 18 : ? :: 22 : 242  

1.140

2.162

3.160

4.164

Q:10 Earth : Planet :: Moon : ?  

1.Rocket

2.Space

3.Satellite

4.Orbit

<h2 id="content-id-5280-6">Solutions of Analogy Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) Consonants + 3 = Code 
Vowels - 3 = Code  
BACTERIA : EXFWBUFX 
B + 3 = E, A - 3 = X, C + 3 = F, T + 3 = W, E - 3 = B, R + 3 = U, I - 3 = F, A - 3 = X 
Similarly, WOUNDS : ? 
W + 3 = Z, O - 3 = L, U - 3 = R, N + 3 = Q, D + 3 = G, S + 3 = V

Q:2 (3) PATELS : BQFUTM

<img alt="Analogy Previous1 Analogy " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Analogy Previous1 Aalogy 16sept.png" style="height:89px; width:180px">

Similarly, NECTAR : ?

<img alt="Analogy Previous2 Analogy " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Analogy Previous2 Analogy 16sept.png" style="height:102px; width:180px">

Q:3 (1) TAMPO : SCJTJ 
T - 1 = S, A + 2 = C, M - 3 = J, P + 4 = T, O - 5 = J 
Similarly; FIFTY : ? 
F - 1 = E, I + 2 = K, F - 3 = C, T + 4 = X, Y - 5 = T

Q:4 (4) (3, 14, 1): (33 + 13) ÷ 2 = (27 + 1) ÷ 2 = 28 ÷ 2 = 14 
(4, 36, 2): (43 + 23) ÷ 2 = (64 + 8) ÷ 2 = 72 ÷ 2 = 36 
Similarly, (8, 260, 2): (83 + 23) ÷ 2 = (512 + 8) ÷ 2 = 520 ÷ 2 = 260

Q:5 (1) (20, 6, 4): 62 - 42 = 36 - 16 = 20 
(24, 7, 5): 72 - 52 = 49 - 25 = 24 
Similarly, (65, 9, 4): 92 - 42 = 81 - 16 = 65

Q:6 (4) 24 : -192 = 24 × (-8) = -192 
-31 : 248 = -31 × (-8) = 248 
Similarly, -18 : ? = -18 × (-8) = 144

Q:7 (4) Logic : (1st number + 2nd number) × (2nd number - 1st number) = Third Number 
(6 + 9) × (9 - 6) = 45 
Similarly, (8 + 10) × (10 - 8) = 36 
Therefore, (8, 10, 36) is the right option.

Q:8 (4) 173 : 125 : 85 
132+ 4 = 173, 112 + 4 = 125, 92 + 4 = 85 
Similarly; 365 : 293 : 229 
192 + 4 = 365, 172 + 4 = 293, 152 + 4 = 229

Q:9 (2) Given analogy: 12 : 72 :: 18 : ? :: 22 : 242 
12 × (12 / 2) = 72 
22 × (22 / 2) = 242 
Similarly, 18 × (18 / 2) = 162

Q:10 (3) Earth is a Planet. 
Similarly, Moon is a satellite.

As we conclude our exploration of the essential topic of analogies for the WBCS examination, it's crucial to reflect on the journey we've undertaken. Analogies are more than just a part of the syllabus; they are the keys to unlocking your analytical and reasoning potential. The mastery of analogies can make a significant difference in your WBCS performance, and I hope this blog has provided you with the knowledge and confidence you need to tackle these questions effectively.

In closing, I'd like to hear from you, our dedicated aspirants. Was this blog helpful in your WBCS preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? Share your thoughts, experiences, and any specific areas where you'd like more guidance in the comment section below. Keep in mind that <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your go-to resource for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning, all focused on helping you excel in the WBCS exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey toward WBCS success. Your dedication and determination will undoubtedly take you far in this prestigious endeavor.

If you&#39;ve set your sights on the prestigious <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-notification-2023-recruitment-for-govt-jobs">West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) examination</a>, you&#39;re undoubtedly aware of the challenging journey that lies ahead. The WBCS exam&nbsp;serves as a gateway to a fulfilling career in public administration. As you embark on this path, you&#39;ll find that a thorough understanding of various subjects is vital, but one topic that stands out as particularly crucial is &quot;Analogy.&quot; Analogies are not only an integral part of the WBCS syllabus but also an essential component of reasoning that assesses your ability to think critically, make connections, and solve problems.

This blog is your ultimate resource for gaining a comprehensive understanding of analogies, offering a complete study material on the topic. We&#39;ll delve into the meaning of analogies, explore their different types with illustrative examples, and guide you through a step-by-step process to master this subject. But that&#39;s not all; we understand the importance of practice in cementing your knowledge, so we&#39;ve included a plethora of practice questions to sharpen your analogy-solving skills. By the end of this blog, you&#39;ll be well-equipped to tackle analogy-based questions with confidence and precision, ultimately increasing your chances of acing the WBCS examination.

So, let&#39;s dive into the world of analogies and pave the way for your success in the WBCS exam!

<img alt="analogy study material for wbcs" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_wbcs_study_material.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2>What is Analogy</h2>

Analogy is the chapter of Logical Reasoning which means similarity and correspondence. It shows the similarity between the two things. In this topic, two sets of elements are given, in which the first set of elements has some similarity or relationship with each other, that same similarity will also be followed by another set of elements.

Let us now understand the different types of analogies that we are going to cover in this blog.

Types of Analogy:

1. Letter Analogy

2. Number Analogy

3. Word Analogy (General Knowledge/ Meaning based)

4. Mixed Analogy

<h2>Letter&nbsp;Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second set of letters is related to the first set of letters based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship, you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="Analogy Letter analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_letter_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Choose the fourth element which is related to the third element in the same way as the second element is related to the first element.

FT : UG :: LV : ?

1.OE&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.OD&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.KE&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.BP

Solution: (1) OE

Logic: The letters in the second element are the opposite of the letters given in the first element.

FT : UG - Opposite letter of F = U; Opposite letter of T = G

Similarly, LV : ? - Opposite letter of L = O; Opposite letter of V = E

<h2>Number&nbsp;Analogy</h2>

<img alt="analogy number analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_number_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

In this type of analogy, there are two sub-types:

<h3>Pair - Based</h3>

In this type, the second set of numbers is related to the first set of numbers based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

Example: Choose the fourth element which is related to the third element in the same way as the second element is related to the first element.

38 : 121 :: 75 : ?

1.169&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.324&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.144&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.196

Solution: (3) 144

Logic: The second term is the square of the sum of digits of the number given in the first set.

38 : 121 &rArr; (3 + 8) = 11 &rArr; (11)&sup2; = 121

Similarly, 75 : ? &rArr; 7 + 5 = 12 &rArr; (12)&sup2; = 144

<h3>Similarity - Based</h3>

There is another sub-type in which a set of numbers is given in the question. You need to find another set that is based on a similar pattern from the given options.

Example: Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set.

(33, 75, 18)

1.(24, 62, 19)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.(31, 13, 04)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.(27, 13, 13)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.None of the above

Solution: (3) (27, 13, 13)

Logic: The third number in the set is the sum of all the digits i.e. first as well as the second number.

(33, 75, 18): First number = 33; Second number = 75

3 + 3 + 7 + 5 = 18

Similarly, (27, 13, 13): First number = 27; Second number = 13

2 + 7 + 1 + 3 = 13

<h2>Word&nbsp;Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second term is related to the first term either based on General Knowledge (Country, Capital, Currency, Animals and their young ones, etc.) or based on meaning (synonyms, antonyms, etc.). Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="analogy word analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_word_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h3>GK - Based</h3>

Example: Select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.

Acrophobia : Height :: Nyctophobia : ?

1.Fire&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.Air&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Darkness&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.Light

Solution: (3) Darkness

Logic: Acrophobia is the fear of Height. Similarly, Nyctophobia is the fear of darkness.

<h3>Meaning - Based</h3>

Example: Select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.

Shortest : Tallest :: Coward : ?

1.Brave&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.Greatest&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Minimum&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.None of the above

Solution: (1) Brave

Logic: Tallest is the opposite of the Shortest. Similarly, Brave is the opposite of Coward.

<h2>Mixed&nbsp;Analogy</h2>

In this type of analogy, the second set may contain a pair of letters or mixed element (letter and number) that is related to the first set of letters based on a certain similarity. Considering that relationship you have to find another set that follows a similar pattern.

<img alt="analogy mixed analogy" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/analogy_mixed_analogy.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.

BT : 05 :: VP : ?

1.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.11

Solution: (4) 11

Logic: 2nd term = absolute difference between the positional value of the opposite of the first letter and the positional value of the second letter.

BT : 05

Opposite of B = Y; Positional value of Y = 25; Positional value of T = 20

So, 25 - 20 = 05

Similarly, VP : ?

Opposite of V = E; Positional value of E = 05; Positional value of P = 16

So, 16 - 05 = 11

Now that you have learned&nbsp;the basic concepts of Reasoning Analogy, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below Analogy Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a&nbsp;much better way.

So, let&#39;s start practicing.

<h2>Analogy Practice&nbsp;Questions</h2>

Q:1 BACTERIA : EXFWBUFX :: WOUNDS : ?

1.ZLSQFW&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

2.ZLRQGV

3.YLRQFV

4.ZRXQGV

Q:2 PATELS : BQFUTM :: NECTAR : ?&nbsp;&nbsp;

1.FOVDBS

2.FODUSZ

3.FOUDSB

4.OEUDQB

Q:3 TAMPO : SCJTJ :: FIFTY : ?&nbsp;&nbsp;

1.EKCXT

2.EKDXU

3.ELBXT

4.EKCYS

Direction (4 - 10): Select the set in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following set. (NOTE: Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into their constituent digits.)

Q:4 (3, 14, 1) (4, 36, 2)&nbsp;&nbsp;

1.(8, 12, 2)

2.(5, 81, 4)

3.(7, 40, 3)

4.(8, 260, 2)

Q:5 (20, 6, 4) (24, 7, 5)&nbsp;&nbsp;

1.(65, 9, 4)

2.(22, 5, 2)

3.(40, 8, 5)

4.(42, 7, 3)

Q:6 24 : -192 :: -31 : 248 :: -18 : ?&nbsp;

1.-152

2.-146

3.148

4.144

Q:7 Select the option in which the numbers are related in the same way as are the numbers of the following set. 

(6, 9, 45)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

1.(6, 8, 60)

2.(2, 8, 46)

3.(7, 4, 48)

4.(8, 10, 36)

Q:8 173 : 125 : 85&nbsp;

1.259 : 199 : 147

2.293 : 228 : 171

3.285 : 221 : 135

4.365 : 293 : 229

Q:9 12 : 72 :: 18 : ? :: 22 : 242&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

1.140

2.162

3.160

4.164

Q:10 Earth : Planet :: Moon : ?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

1.Rocket

2.Space

3.Satellite

4.Orbit

<h2>Solutions of Analogy Practice&nbsp;Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) Consonants + 3 = Code 
Vowels - 3 = Code&nbsp; 
BACTERIA : EXFWBUFX 
B + 3 = E, A - 3 = X, C + 3 = F, T + 3 = W, E - 3 = B, R + 3 = U, I - 3 = F, A - 3 = X 
Similarly, WOUNDS : ? 
W + 3 = Z, O - 3 = L, U - 3 = R, N + 3 = Q, D + 3 = G, S + 3 = V

Q:2 (3) PATELS : BQFUTM

<img alt="Analogy Previous1 Analogy " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Analogy Previous1 Aalogy 16sept.png" style="height:89px; width:180px" />

Similarly, NECTAR : ?

<img alt="Analogy Previous2 Analogy " src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Analogy Previous2 Analogy 16sept.png" style="height:102px; width:180px" />

Q:3 (1) TAMPO : SCJTJ 
T - 1 = S, A + 2 = C, M - 3 = J, P + 4 = T, O - 5 = J 
Similarly; FIFTY : ? 
F - 1 = E, I + 2 = K, F - 3 = C, T + 4 = X, Y - 5 = T

Q:4 (4) (3, 14, 1): (33&nbsp;+ 13) &divide; 2 = (27 + 1) &divide; 2 = 28 &divide; 2 = 14 
(4, 36, 2): (43 + 23) &divide; 2 = (64 + 8) &divide; 2 = 72 &divide; 2 = 36 
Similarly, (8, 260, 2): (83&nbsp;+ 23) &divide; 2 = (512 + 8) &divide; 2 = 520 &divide; 2 = 260

Q:5 (1) (20, 6, 4): 62&nbsp;- 42&nbsp;= 36 - 16 = 20 
(24, 7, 5): 72&nbsp;- 52&nbsp;= 49 - 25 = 24 
Similarly, (65, 9, 4): 92&nbsp;- 42&nbsp;= 81 - 16 = 65

Q:6 (4) 24 : -192 = 24 &times; (-8) = -192 
-31 : 248 = -31 &times; (-8) = 248 
Similarly, -18 : ? = -18 &times; (-8) = 144

Q:7 (4) Logic : (1st number + 2nd number) &times; (2nd number - 1st number) = Third Number 
(6 + 9) &times; (9 - 6) = 45 
Similarly, (8 + 10) &times; (10 - 8) = 36 
Therefore, (8, 10, 36) is the right option.

Q:8 (4) 173 : 125 : 85 
132+ 4 = 173, 112&nbsp;+ 4 = 125, 92&nbsp;+ 4 = 85 
Similarly; 365 : 293 : 229 
192&nbsp;+ 4 = 365, 172&nbsp;+ 4 = 293, 152&nbsp;+ 4 = 229

Q:9 (2) Given analogy: 12 : 72 :: 18 : ? :: 22 : 242 
12 &times; (12 / 2) = 72 
22 &times; (22 / 2) = 242 
Similarly, 18 &times; (18 / 2) = 162

Q:10 (3) Earth is a Planet. 
Similarly, Moon is a satellite.

As we conclude our exploration of the essential topic of analogies for the WBCS examination, it&#39;s crucial to reflect on the journey we&#39;ve undertaken. Analogies are more than just a part of the syllabus; they are the keys to unlocking your analytical and reasoning potential. The mastery of analogies can make a significant difference in your WBCS performance, and I hope this blog has provided you with the knowledge and confidence you need to tackle these questions effectively.

In closing, I&#39;d like to hear from you, our dedicated aspirants. Was this blog helpful in your WBCS preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? Share your thoughts, experiences, and any specific areas where you&#39;d like more guidance in the comment section below. Keep in mind that <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a>&nbsp;is your go-to resource for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning, all focused on helping you excel in the WBCS exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey toward WBCS success. Your dedication and determination will undoubtedly take you far in this prestigious endeavor.

Analogy Study Material and Practice Questions

Analogy - Complete Study Material for WBCS Prelims

Analogy - Complete Study Material for WBCS Exams

The <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wb-police-constable-notification-2023-recruitment-for-12000-govt-jobs">West Bengal Police Constable examination</a> is a significant stepping stone for those aspiring to serve and protect their communities. As one of the most esteemed law enforcement bodies in India, the West Bengal Police is known for its rigorous selection process, and the Constable exam is a pivotal component of this journey. Among the many topics that aspiring constables must master, "Classification" stands out as an indispensable area of reasoning.

Our blog is designed to be your comprehensive guide to understanding Classification, and how it can be a game-changer in your preparation for the WBP Constable exam. We will unravel the meaning of Classification, explore its different types with examples, and offer a step-by-step approach to help you master this concept. But we understand that mere theory isn't enough, which is why we've included a wide range of practice questions to hone your Classification-solving skills. By the end of this blog, you'll be well-equipped to tackle Classification-based questions with confidence and precision, thus increasing your chances of excelling in the West Bengal Police Constable examination. Let's embark on this journey together and pave the way for your success!

<img alt="classification in reasoning" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_in_reasoning.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2 id="content-id-5554-0">What is Classification in Reasoning?</h2>

Classification refers to arrangement of groups of people or things, by class or category and find out the odd one among them, which differs from the others having some common logic. Classification is categorized into three types:

A) Letter Based Classification

B) Number Based Classification

C) General Knowledge and Meaning Based Classification

<h2 id="content-id-5554-1">Letter Based Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, group of letters and words is given in options. Certain relationship or property is being followed by these letters.

<img alt="classification based on letters or alphabets" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_letter.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1.EV  2.KP  3.GT  4.RV

Solution: (4) RV 
The pattern which follows here is: Opposite of letters is given except in Option D. 
Opposite of R is I not V.

<h2 id="content-id-5554-2">Number Based Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, group of numbers and digits is given in the options. Certain relationship or property is being followed among these numbers.

<img alt="classification based on numbers" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_numbers.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1.289  2.324  3.226  4.441

Solution: (3) 226 
The logic which follows here is: 
Square of number is given except in Option C. 
226 is not square of any number.

<h2 id="content-id-5554-3">General Knowledge and Meaning Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, General Knowledge based logic is following in the group of words in the options. In Meaning Based Classification, meaning of words, Synonym, Antonym based group of words is given in the options.

<img alt="classification based on gk and meaning" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_gk_and_meaning.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h3>General Knowledge Based</h3>

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1. Acute  2.Right  3.Obtuse  4. Line Segment

Solution: (4) Line Segment Acute, Right and Obtuse are types of triangle angle, whereas Line Segment is not.

<h3>Meaning Based</h3>

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group Options:

1.Joy  2.Happiness  3.Jolly  4.Dull

Solution: (4) Dull, Joy, Happiness, Jolly is the feeling of joy and happiness, whereas Dull is sad state of mind.

Now that you have learned the basic concepts of Reasoning Classification, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below are Classification Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a much better way.

So, let's start practicing.

<h2 id="content-id-5554-4">Classification Practice Questions</h2>

Direction (1 - 12): Find the odd one out.

Q:1 1.HGF  2.RQP  3.UVW  4.LKJ 

Q:2 1.TVR  2.DFB  3.QSO  4.KGI 

Q:3 1.PMN 2.GTQ  3.SPK  4.JGT 

Q:4 1.361 : 332  2.533 : 504  3.440 : 411  4.520 : 481

Q:5 1.16 : 1024  2.14 : 784  3.18 : 1620  4.12 : 576

Q:6 1.169 : 14  2. 225 : 18  3.196 : 17  4. 256 : 19

Q:7 1.21 : 437  2.33 : 1085  3.11 : 118  4.35 : 1221

Q:8 1.Sri Lanka  2.Bangladesh  3.Singapore  4.Indonesia

Q:9 1.Ambivalent 2.Equivocal   3.Certain   4.Hesitant

Q:10 1.Nymph  2.Fawn  3.Grunt  4.Cygnet

Q11: 1.AEI  2.LKM  3.RST  4.PMJ

Q:12 1.DSB 2.MAB  3.FCD  4.GEC

<h2 id="content-id-5554-5">Solutions of Classification Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (3) 1st letter - 1 = 2nd letter, 2nd letter - 1 = 3rd letter 
1: HGF→ H - 1 = G, G - 1 = F; This follows the logic. 
2: RQP → R - 1 = Q, Q - 1 = P; This follows the logic. 
3: UVW → U - 1 = T, T - 1 = S; This does not follow the logic.

Q:2 (4) 1st letter + 2 = 2nd letter, 2nd letter - 4 = 3rd letter 
1: TVR →T + 2 = V, V - 4 = R; This follows the logic. 
2: DFB →D + 2 = F, F - 4 = B; This follows the logic. 
3: QSO → Q + 2 = S, S - 4 = O; This follows the logic. 
4: KGI → K + 2 = M, M - 4 = I; This does not follow the logic.

Q:3 (2) 1st letter - 3 = 2nd letter, Opposite of 2nd letter = 3rd letter 
1: PMN →P - 3 = M, Opposite of M = N; This follows the logic. 
2: GTQ →G - 3 = D, Opposite of D = W; This does not follow the logic.

Q:4 (4) 1st number - 2nd number = 29 
1: 361 : 332→ 361 - 322 = 29; This follows the logic. 
2: 533 : 504 → 533 - 504 = 29; This follows the logic. 
3: 440 : 411 →440 - 411 = 29; This follows the logic. 
4: 520 : 481 → 520 - 481 = 39; This does not follow the logic.

Q:5 (3) (1st number)2 × 4 = 2nd number 
1: 16:1024 → 162 × 4 = 256 × 4 = 1024; This follows the logic. 
2: 14:784 → 142 × 4 = 196 × 4 = 784; This follows the logic. 
3: 18:1620 →182 × 4 = 324 × 4 = 1296; This does not follow the logic.

Q:6 (1) 1: 169 : 14 →14 - 1)2 = 169 
2: 225 : 18 →(18 - 3)2 = 225 
3: 196 : 17 →(17 - 3)2 = 196 
4: 256 : 19 →(19 - 3)2 = 256 
Of all the given options, option 1 is the odd one out.

Q:7 (3) 1. 21 : 437 → 21 : (21)2 - 4 
2. 33 : 1085 → 33 : (33)2 - 4 
3. 11 : 118 → 11 : (11)2 - 3 
4. 35 : 1221 → 35 : (35)2 - 4

Q:8 (2) Srilanka, Singapore, and Indonesia are island countries whereas Bangladesh is not an island country.

Q:9 (3) Ambivalent means having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. Equivocal means open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous. Hesitant means tentative, unsure, or slow in acting or speaking. Certain means able to be firmly relied on to happen or be the case. Ambivalent, Equivocal, and hesitant have similar meanings, whereas certain is the opposite of the meaning of other words.

Q:10 (3) Nymph, fawn, and cygnet are the young forms of insect, deer, and swan respectively whereas, grunt is the sound made by the pig.

Q:11 (1) Except option 1, all have only consonants

Q:12 (4) Logic - middle letter = (1st Letter × 3rd Letter)  
and the letter is the opposite of resultant 
1. DSB → 4S2 = (4 × 2) = 8 (H) - opposite of H is S  
2. MAB→ 13A2 = (13 × 2 ) = 26 (Z) - the opposite of Z is A 
3. FCD → 6C4 = (6 × 4) = 24 (X) - opposite of X is C 
4. GEC → 7E3 = (7 × 3) = 21 (U) - opposite of U is F

As we wrap up our exploration of the essential topic of Classification for the West Bengal Police Constable examination, it's crucial to reflect on the knowledge we've gained. Classification is not just another subject on your syllabus; it's a key component of your reasoning skills that can significantly impact your performance in this important exam. I hope this blog has provided you with the tools and knowledge needed to tackle Classification questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue your practice and revision.

I'd like to hear from you, our dedicated readers. Was this blog beneficial to your WBP Constable exam preparation? How did you fare on the practice questions provided? Share your thoughts, experiences, and any specific areas where you'd like further guidance in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your go-to resource for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning, all tailored to help you excel in the WBP Constable exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey toward success in serving the community as a West Bengal Police Constable. Your dedication and hard work will undoubtedly take you far in this noble endeavor.

The <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wb-police-constable-notification-2023-recruitment-for-12000-govt-jobs">West Bengal Police Constable examination</a> is a significant stepping stone for those aspiring to serve and protect their communities. As one of the most esteemed law enforcement bodies in India, the West Bengal Police is known for its rigorous selection process, and the Constable exam is a pivotal component of this journey. Among the many topics that aspiring constables must master, &quot;Classification&quot; stands out as an indispensable area of reasoning.

Our blog is designed to be your comprehensive guide to understanding Classification, and how it can be a game-changer in your preparation for the WBP Constable exam. We will unravel the meaning of Classification, explore its different types with examples, and offer a step-by-step approach to help you master this concept. But we understand that mere theory isn&#39;t enough, which is why we&#39;ve included a wide range of practice questions to hone your Classification-solving skills. By the end of this blog, you&#39;ll be well-equipped to tackle Classification-based questions with confidence and precision, thus increasing your chances of excelling in the West Bengal Police Constable examination. Let&#39;s embark on this journey together and pave the way for your success!

<img alt="classification in reasoning" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_in_reasoning.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2>What is Classification in Reasoning?</h2>

Classification refers to arrangement of groups of people or things, by class or category and find out the odd one among them, which differs from the others having some common logic. Classification is categorized into three types:

A) Letter Based Classification

B) Number Based Classification

C) General Knowledge and Meaning Based Classification

<h2>Letter Based Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, group of letters and words is given in options. Certain relationship or property is being followed by these letters.

<img alt="classification based on letters or alphabets" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_letter.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1.EV&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.KP&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.GT&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.RV

Solution: (4) RV 
The pattern which follows here is: Opposite of letters is given except in Option D. 
Opposite of R is I not V.

<h2>Number Based Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, group of numbers and digits is given in the options. Certain relationship or property is being followed among these numbers.

<img alt="classification based on numbers" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_numbers.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1.289&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.324&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.226&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.441

Solution: (3) 226 
The logic which follows here is: 
Square of number is given except in Option C. 
226 is not square of any number.

<h2>General Knowledge&nbsp;and Meaning Classification</h2>

In this type of Classification, General Knowledge based logic is following in the group of words in the options. In Meaning Based Classification, meaning of words, Synonym, Antonym based group of words is given in the options.

<img alt="classification based on gk and meaning" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/classification_based_on_gk_and_meaning.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h3>General Knowledge Based</h3>

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group.

1. Acute&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.Right&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Obtuse&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4. Line Segment

Solution: (4) Line Segment Acute, Right and Obtuse are types of triangle angle, whereas Line Segment is not.

<h3>Meaning Based</h3>

Example: Three of the four are alike in a certain way, which of the following does not belong to the group Options:

1.Joy&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.Happiness&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Jolly&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.Dull

Solution: (4) Dull, Joy, Happiness, Jolly is the feeling of joy and happiness, whereas Dull is sad state of mind.

Now that you have learned&nbsp;the basic concepts of Reasoning Classification, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below are Classification Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a&nbsp;much better way.

So, let&#39;s start practicing.

<h2>Classification Practice&nbsp;Questions</h2>

Direction (1 - 12): Find the odd one out.

Q:1 1.HGF&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.RQP&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.UVW&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.LKJ&nbsp;

Q:2&nbsp;1.TVR&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.DFB&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.QSO&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.KGI&nbsp;

Q:3 1.PMN&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.GTQ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.SPK&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.JGT&nbsp;

Q:4&nbsp;1.361 : 332&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.533 : 504&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.440 : 411&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.520 : 481

Q:5 1.16 : 1024&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.14 : 784&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.18 : 1620&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.12 : 576

Q:6 1.169 : 14&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. 225 : 18&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;3.196 : 17&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4. 256 : 19

Q:7 1.21 : 437&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.33 : 1085&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.11 : 118&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.35 : 1221

Q:8 1.Sri Lanka&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.Bangladesh&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Singapore&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.Indonesia

Q:9 1.Ambivalent&nbsp; 2.Equivocal&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Certain&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4.Hesitant

Q:10 1.Nymph&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.Fawn&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.Grunt&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.Cygnet

Q11: 1.AEI&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.LKM&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.RST&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.PMJ

Q:12 1.DSB&nbsp; &nbsp;2.MAB&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.FCD&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.GEC

<h2>Solutions of Classification Practice&nbsp;Questions</h2>

Q:1 (3) 1st letter - 1 = 2nd letter, 2nd letter - 1 = 3rd letter 
1: HGF&rarr; H - 1 = G, G - 1 = F; This follows the logic. 
2: RQP &rarr; R - 1 = Q, Q - 1 = P; This follows the logic. 
3: UVW &rarr; U - 1 = T, T - 1 = S; This does not follow the logic.

Q:2 (4) 1st letter + 2 = 2nd letter, 2nd letter - 4 = 3rd letter 
1: TVR &rarr;T + 2 = V, V - 4 = R; This follows the logic. 
2: DFB &rarr;D + 2 = F, F - 4 = B; This follows the logic. 
3: QSO &rarr; Q + 2 = S, S - 4 = O; This follows the logic. 
4: KGI &rarr; K + 2 = M, M - 4 = I; This does not follow the logic.

Q:3 (2) 1st letter - 3 = 2nd letter, Opposite of 2nd letter = 3rd letter 
1: PMN &rarr;P - 3 = M, Opposite of M = N; This follows the logic. 
2: GTQ &rarr;G - 3 = D, Opposite of D = W; This does not follow the logic.

Q:4 (4) 1st number - 2nd number = 29 
1: 361 : 332&rarr; 361 - 322 = 29; This follows the logic. 
2: 533 : 504 &rarr; 533 - 504 = 29; This follows the logic. 
3: 440 : 411 &rarr;440 - 411 = 29; This follows the logic. 
4: 520 : 481 &rarr; 520 - 481 = 39; This does not follow the logic.

Q:5 (3) (1st number)2 &times; 4 = 2nd number 
1: 16:1024 &rarr; 162 &times; 4 = 256 &times; 4 = 1024; This follows the logic. 
2: 14:784 &rarr; 142&nbsp;&times; 4 = 196 &times; 4 = 784; This follows the logic. 
3: 18:1620 &rarr;182&nbsp;&times; 4 = 324 &times; 4 = 1296; This does not follow the logic.

Q:6 (1) 1: 169 : 14 &rarr;14 - 1)2&nbsp;= 169 
2: 225 : 18&nbsp;&rarr;(18 - 3)2&nbsp;= 225 
3: 196 : 17 &rarr;(17 - 3)2&nbsp;= 196 
4: 256 : 19 &rarr;(19 - 3)2&nbsp;= 256 
Of all the given options, option 1 is the odd one out.

Q:7 (3) 1. 21 : 437 &rarr; 21 : (21)2&nbsp;- 4 
2. 33 : 1085 &rarr; 33 : (33)2&nbsp;- 4 
3. 11 : 118 &rarr; 11 : (11)2&nbsp;- 3 
4. 35 : 1221 &rarr; 35 : (35)2&nbsp;- 4

Q:8 (2) Srilanka, Singapore, and Indonesia are island countries whereas Bangladesh is not an island country.

Q:9 (3) Ambivalent means having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. Equivocal means open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous. Hesitant means tentative, unsure, or slow in acting or speaking. Certain means able to be firmly relied on to happen or be the case. Ambivalent, Equivocal, and hesitant have similar meanings, whereas certain is the opposite of the meaning of other words.

Q:10 (3) Nymph, fawn, and cygnet are the young forms of insect, deer, and swan respectively whereas, grunt is the sound made by the pig.

Q:11 (1) Except option 1, all have only consonants

Q:12 (4) Logic - middle letter = (1st Letter &times; 3rd Letter)&nbsp; 
and the letter is the opposite of resultant 
1. DSB &rarr; 4S2 = (4 &times; 2) = 8 (H) - opposite of H is S&nbsp; 
2. MAB&rarr; 13A2 = (13 &times; 2 ) = 26 (Z) - the opposite of Z is A 
3. FCD &rarr; 6C4 = (6 &times; 4) = 24 (X) - opposite of X is C 
4. GEC &rarr; 7E3 = (7 &times; 3) = 21 (U) - opposite of U is F

As we wrap up our exploration of the essential topic of Classification for the West Bengal Police Constable examination, it&#39;s crucial to reflect on the knowledge we&#39;ve gained. Classification is not just another subject on your syllabus; it&#39;s a key component of your reasoning skills that can significantly impact your performance in this important exam. I hope this blog has provided you with the tools and knowledge needed to tackle Classification questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue your practice and revision.

I&#39;d like to hear from you, our dedicated readers. Was this blog beneficial to your WBP Constable exam preparation? How did you fare on the practice questions provided? Share your thoughts, experiences, and any specific areas where you&#39;d like further guidance in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your go-to resource for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning, all tailored to help you excel in the WBP Constable exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey toward success in serving the community as a West Bengal Police Constable. Your dedication and hard work will undoubtedly take you far in this noble endeavor.

Learn and Practice Reasoning Classification for WBP Constable

Classification - Reasoning Concepts for WB Police Constable Exam

The <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-notification-2023-recruitment-for-govt-jobs">West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) examination</a> stands as a defining challenge for those who aspire to serve the public and contribute to the administration of this culturally rich state. A gateway to prestigious careers in civil services, the WBCS exam is renowned for its rigorous selection process. Amid the multitude of subjects and topics, "Arithmetic Reasoning" emerges as a cornerstone in the realm of reasoning and problem-solving. 

Our blog is meticulously crafted to serve as your comprehensive resource for mastering Arithmetic Reasoning, the keystone to your WBCS exam preparation. We will unravel the meaning of Arithmetic Reasoning, explore its various types with real-world examples, and present a step-by-step guide to help you become proficient in this domain. Recognizing that practice is the key to mastery, we have included an array of practice questions to sharpen your Arithmetic Reasoning skills. By the end of this blog, you will be well-prepared to tackle Arithmetic Reasoning-based questions with confidence and precision, thereby enhancing your prospects of success in the West Bengal Civil Services examination. Let's embark on this journey together and unlock the door to your WBCS ambitions!

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning study material" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_study_material.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2 id="content-id-6521-0">What is Arithmetic Reasoning?</h2>

Arithmetic Reasoning is a cognitive and problem-solving skill that involves the ability to analyze and comprehend numerical information, perform mathematical operations, and make logical deductions based on given numerical data.

Arithmetic Reasoning can be asked in two forms:

1. Word Problems

2. Symbol and Notation

<h2 id="content-id-6521-1">Arithmetic Reasoning - Word Problems</h2>

In Word Problems based Arithmetic Reasoning, problems based on Age, Ratio and Proportion, Income and Expenditure, Profit and Loss and other data based questions are asked. Students need to solve these questions by using rules of mathematics.

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning word problems" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_word_problem.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2 id="content-id-6521-2">Arithmetic Reasoning - Symbol and Notation</h2>

Symbol and Notation is the part of arithmetic reasoning, where mathematical operations deal with operators of Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. These are the basic operation and also having less than, greater than, equal sign operators.

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning symbol and notation" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_symbol_and_notation.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

The Symbol and Notation Based Type is again sub divided into the following:

<h2 id="content-id-6521-3">Sign Interchange based Symbol & Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is given, in which we have to interchange some signs with each other in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Which two signs should be interchanged to make the following equation correct? 
14 + 12 × 18 ÷ 6 – 12 = 6

Solution: ÷ and × 
The expression becomes: 14 + 12 ÷ 18 × 6 – 12 
⇒ 6 is equal to 6.

<h2 id="content-id-6521-4">Number Interchange based Symbol & Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is given, in which we have to interchange some numbers with each other in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Which two numbers should be interchanged to make the given equation correct? 
27 + 11 × 9 – 36 ÷ 4 = 67

Solution: After replacement, the equation becomes 
27 + 11 × 4 - 36 ÷ 9 
⇒ 67 = 67

<h2 id="content-id-6521-5">Sign Fill-Up based Symbol & Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is given, in which you have to fill appropriate signs, in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Select the correct combination of mathematical signs to replace * signs and to balance the given equation. 
16 * 6 * 4 * 24

Solution: × ÷ = 
Given equation: 16 * 6 * 4 = 24 
After replacement the equation becomes: 16 × 6 ÷ 4 = 24 
⇒ 24 = 24

<h2 id="content-id-6521-6">Coded Equation based Symbol & Notation</h2>

In such type of questions, the symbols are coded with another new symbols and students have to solve the equation using those new symbols in equation.

Example: In a certain code, + represent multiply, – represent plus, × represent divide and ÷ represent minus. 
Then what is the value of 23 + 5 - 85 × 5 + 18 ÷ 6 + 20

Solution: 23 + 5 - 85 × 5 + 18 ÷ 6 + 20 
After replacing the signs: 23 × 5 + 85 ÷ 5 × 18 - 6 × 20 
115 + 17 × 18 - 120 
115 + 306 - 120 
421 - 120 = 301

Now that you have learned the basic concepts of Arithmetic Reasoning, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below are Arithmetic Reasoning Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a much better way.

So, let's start practicing.

<h2 id="content-id-6521-7">Arithmetic Reasoning Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 After interchanging the given two numbers and two signs what will be the values of equations (I) and (II) respectively?× and +, 3 and 9  
I. 7 × 9 - 8 ÷ 2 + 3 II. 4 × 9 - 3 + 8 ÷ 2

1.0, 1

2.-26, -29

3.6, 0

4.12, 13

Q:2 By interchanging the given two signs and numbers which of the following equations will be correct?  
× and ÷, 7 and 9

1.9 – 7 × 2 + 6 ÷ 3 = 11

2.9 + 4 × 3 – 7 ÷ 1 = 40

3.8 × 3 ÷ 6 + 9 – 7 = 14

4.9 × 3 + 4 ÷ 2 – 7 = 18

Q:3 Which two digits and signs need to be interchanged so as to balance the given equation?  
65 + 13 - 119 ÷ 32 × 8 = 175 

1.9 and 8; + and ÷

2.2 and 9; + and ×

3.8 and 3; × and ÷

4.5 and 8; - and ×

Q:4 Select the correct combination of mathematical signs to sequentially replace the × signs and to balance the following equation.  
11 × 15 × 78 × 6 × 18 × 160 

1.+, × , -, ÷, =

2.×, +, ÷, -, =

3.×, +, -, ÷, =

4.+, ×, ÷, -, =

Q:5 If ‘@’ means ‘addition’, ‘%’ means ‘multiplication’, ‘$’ means ‘division’ and ‘#’ means ‘subtraction’, then find the value of the following expression.  
29 @ 128 $ 16 % 7 # 22

1.47

2.58

3.63

4.23

Q:6 If A denotes ‘+’, B denotes ‘×’, C denotes ‘-’ and D denotes ‘÷’, then what will come in place of ‘?’ in the following equation? (13 B 9) D 3 A (14 D 7) B 6 C 21 A (32 B 2) = ?

1.96

2.100

3.112

4.94

Q:7 The ratio of the present ages of Asha and Lata is 5 : 6. If the difference between their ages is 6 years, then what will be Lata’s age after 5 years?

1.40

2.45

3.41

4.35

Q:8 The total of the ages of Amit and Suvarna on 1 January 2015 is 61 years. Amit is three years younger than Survana. What was the age of Survana on 1 January 2010?

1.29 years

2.32 years

3.27 years

4.24 years

Q:9 Arun is celebrating his birthday today. On his next birthday, he will be twice his age that was 12 years ago. How old is Arun today? 

1.24 years

2.25 years

3.26 years

4.27 years

Q:10 Anusri is eleven years younger than Yashomati. Fifteen years from now, Yashomati’s age will be three times Anusri’s present age. What is Yashomati’s present age?

1.21 years

2.24 years

3.20 years

4.23 years

<h2 id="content-id-6521-8">Solutions of Arithmetic Reasoning Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) Given conditions: × and +, 3 and 9 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
I. 7 + 3 - 8 ÷ 2 × 9 = -26 
II. 4 × 9 - 3 + 8 ÷ 2 = - 29

Q:2 (3) Given conditions: × and ÷, 7 and 9 
1. 9 – 7 × 2 + 6 ÷ 3 = 11 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 7 – 9 ÷ 2 + 6 × 3 = 11 = 20.50 is not equal to 11. 
2. 9 + 4 × 3 – 7 ÷ 1 = 40 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 7 + 4 ÷ 3 – 9 × 1 = 40 = -0.66 is not equal to 40. 
3. 8 × 3 ÷ 6 + 9 – 7 = 14 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 8 ÷ 3 × 6 + 7 – 9 = 14 = 14 is equal to 14. 
As we have found our answer, so, there is no need of checking other options.

Q:3 (1) 9 and 8; + and ÷ 
The expression becomes:65 ÷ 13 - 118 + 32 × 9 = 175 
As we have found our answer, we need not to check the other options.

Q:4 (2) Sequentially replacing × sign with +, × , -, ÷, = 
11 + 15 × 78 - 6 ÷ 18 = 160 
11 + 15 × 78 - 6 ÷ 18 = 1180.67 
Sequentially replacing × sign with ×, +, ÷, -, = 
11 × 15 + 78 ÷ 6 - 18 = 160 
In hit and trial the correct placement of signs is found in second step only. 
× in equations must be replaced with ×, +, ÷, -, = in order to make the equation correct. 

Q:5 (3) The expression becomes: 29 @ 128 $ 16 % 7 # 22 = 63

Q:6 (4) Given conditions: A denotes ‘+’, B denotes ‘×’, C denotes ‘-’ and D denotes ‘÷’ 
After replacement the equation becomes: 
⇒(13 × 9) ÷ 3 + (14 ÷ 7) × 6 - 21 + (32 × 2) 
⇒94

Q:7 (3) Let Asha’s age be 5x and Lata’s age be 6x. 
Given: 6x - 5x = 6 
⇒x = 6 
Thus, Lata’s current age = 6x = 6 × 6 = 36 
So, Lata’s age after 5 years = 36 + 5 = 41 years.

Q:8 (3) Age of Amit + 3 = Age of Suvarna 
The total of the ages of Amit and Suvarna on 1 January 2015 = 61 years. 
Age of (Amit + Suvarna) = 61 years 
Age of (Amit + Amit + 3 ) = 61 years 
Age of Amit = 29 years (in 2015) 
Age of Suvarna on 1 January 2015 = Age of Amit + 3 = 29 + 3 = 32 
Age of Suvarna on 1 January 2010 = 32 - 5 = 27 years

Q:9 (2) Let the present age of Arun = x 
Age 12 years ago = x - 12 
Age on next birthday = x + 1 
x + 1 = 2(x - 12) 
x = 25 years

Q:10 (2) Let the age of Yashomati = x 
Then age of Anusri = x - 11 
According to the question; 
15 + x = 3 (age of Anusri) 
15 + x = 3 (x - 11) 
x = 24 
Age of Yashomati = 24years 
Age of Anusri = x - 11 = 24 - 11 = 13years

As we bring this exploration of Arithmetic Reasoning for the West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) exam to a close, it's essential to reflect on the knowledge and skills we've uncovered. Arithmetic Reasoning is more than just another subject on your syllabus; it's a cornerstone of reasoning that can significantly impact your performance in this challenging examination. I hope this blog has equipped you with the understanding and confidence needed to tackle Arithmetic Reasoning questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue practicing and refining your skills.

I invite you, our dedicated readers, to share your thoughts and experiences with us. Was this blog beneficial to your WBCS exam preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? We value your feedback and would love to hear from you in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your ultimate destination for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning tailored to help you excel in the WBCS exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey towards success in the West Bengal Civil Services examination. Your commitment and hard work will undoubtedly lead you to your desired destination.

The <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog/wbcs-notification-2023-recruitment-for-govt-jobs">West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) examination</a> stands as a defining challenge for those who aspire to serve the public and contribute to the administration of this culturally rich state. A gateway to prestigious careers in civil services, the WBCS exam is renowned for its rigorous selection process. Amid the multitude of subjects and topics, &quot;Arithmetic Reasoning&quot; emerges as a cornerstone in the realm of reasoning and problem-solving.&nbsp;

Our blog is meticulously crafted to serve as your comprehensive resource for mastering Arithmetic Reasoning, the keystone to your WBCS exam preparation. We will unravel the meaning of Arithmetic Reasoning, explore its various types with real-world examples, and present a step-by-step guide to help you become proficient in this domain. Recognizing that practice is the key to mastery, we have included an array of practice questions to sharpen your Arithmetic Reasoning skills. By the end of this blog, you will be well-prepared to tackle Arithmetic Reasoning-based questions with confidence and precision, thereby enhancing your prospects of success in the West Bengal Civil Services examination. Let&#39;s embark on this journey together and unlock the door to your WBCS ambitions!

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning study material" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_study_material.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2>What is Arithmetic Reasoning?</h2>

Arithmetic Reasoning is a cognitive and problem-solving skill that involves the ability to analyze and comprehend numerical information, perform mathematical operations, and make logical deductions based on given numerical data.

Arithmetic Reasoning can be asked in two forms:

1. Word Problems

2. Symbol and Notation

<h2>Arithmetic Reasoning - Word Problems</h2>

In Word Problems based Arithmetic Reasoning,&nbsp;problems based on Age, Ratio and Proportion, Income and Expenditure, Profit and Loss and other data based questions are asked. Students need to solve these questions by using rules of mathematics.

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning word problems" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_word_problem.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

<h2>Arithmetic Reasoning - Symbol and Notation</h2>

Symbol and Notation is the part of arithmetic reasoning, where mathematical operations deal with operators of Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. These are the basic operation and also having less than, greater than, equal sign operators.

<img alt="arithmetic reasoning symbol and notation" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/arithmetic_reasoning_symbol_and_notation.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

The Symbol and Notation Based Type is again sub divided into the following:

<h2>Sign Interchange based Symbol &amp; Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is&nbsp;given, in which we have to interchange some signs with each&nbsp;other in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Which two signs should be interchanged to make the following equation correct? 
14 + 12 &times; 18 &divide; 6 &ndash; 12 = 6

Solution: &divide; and &times; 
The expression becomes: 14 + 12 &divide; 18 &times; 6 &ndash; 12 
&rArr; 6 is equal to 6.

<h2>Number Interchange based Symbol &amp; Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is given, in which we have to interchange some numbers with each other in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Which two numbers should be interchanged to make the given equation correct? 
27 + 11 &times; 9 &ndash; 36 &divide; 4 = 67

Solution: After replacement, the equation becomes 
27 + 11 &times; 4 - 36 &divide; 9 
&rArr; 67 = 67

<h2>Sign Fill-Up based Symbol &amp; Notation</h2>

In such type of question, one equation is given, in which you have to fill appropriate signs, in order to equate LHS and RHS.

Example: Select the correct combination of mathematical signs to replace * signs and to balance the given equation. 
16 * 6 * 4 * 24

Solution: &times; &divide; = 
Given equation: 16 * 6 * 4 = 24 
After replacement the equation becomes: 16 &times; 6 &divide; 4 = 24 
&rArr; 24 = 24

<h2>Coded Equation&nbsp;based Symbol &amp; Notation</h2>

In such type of questions, the symbols are coded with another new symbols and students have to solve the equation using those new symbols in equation.

Example: In a certain code, + represent multiply, &ndash; represent plus, &times; represent divide and &divide; represent minus. 
Then what is the value of 23 + 5 - 85 &times; 5 + 18 &divide; 6 + 20

Solution: 23 + 5 - 85 &times; 5 + 18 &divide; 6 + 20 
After replacing the signs: 23 &times; 5 + 85 &divide; 5 &times; 18 - 6 &times; 20 
115 + 17 &times; 18 - 120 
115 + 306 - 120 
421 - 120 = 301

Now that you have learned&nbsp;the basic concepts of Arithmetic Reasoning, let us test the learning so far by practicing some questions. Given below are Arithmetic Reasoning&nbsp;Practice Questions followed by detailed solutions to each question. You should first try to solve all the questions yourself, and go through the solutions at the very end, to build a better understanding. This way, you will be able to assess your progress in a&nbsp;much better way.

So, let&#39;s start practicing.

<h2>Arithmetic Reasoning Practice&nbsp;Questions</h2>

Q:1 After interchanging the given two numbers and two signs what will be the values of equations (I) and (II) respectively?&times; and +, 3 and 9&nbsp; 
I. 7 &times; 9 - 8 &divide; 2 + 3 II. 4 &times; 9 - 3 + 8 &divide; 2

1.0, 1

2.-26, -29

3.6, 0

4.12, 13

Q:2 By interchanging the given two signs and numbers which of the following equations will be correct?&nbsp; 
&times; and &divide;, 7 and 9

1.9 &ndash; 7 &times; 2 + 6 &divide; 3 = 11

2.9 + 4 &times; 3 &ndash; 7 &divide; 1 = 40

3.8 &times; 3 &divide; 6 + 9 &ndash; 7 = 14

4.9 &times; 3 + 4 &divide; 2 &ndash; 7 = 18

Q:3 Which two digits and signs need to be interchanged so as to balance the given equation?&nbsp; 
65 + 13 - 119 &divide; 32 &times; 8 = 175&nbsp;

1.9 and 8; + and &divide;

2.2 and 9; + and &times;

3.8 and 3; &times; and &divide;

4.5 and 8; - and &times;

Q:4 Select the correct combination of mathematical signs to sequentially replace the &times; signs and to balance the following equation.&nbsp; 
11 &times; 15 &times; 78 &times; 6 &times; 18 &times; 160&nbsp;

1.+, &times; , -, &divide;, =

2.&times;, +, &divide;, -, =

3.&times;, +, -, &divide;, =

4.+, &times;, &divide;, -, =

Q:5 If &lsquo;@&rsquo; means &lsquo;addition&rsquo;, &lsquo;%&rsquo; means &lsquo;multiplication&rsquo;, &lsquo;$&rsquo; means &lsquo;division&rsquo; and &lsquo;#&rsquo; means &lsquo;subtraction&rsquo;, then find the value of the following expression.&nbsp; 
29 @ 128 $ 16 % 7 # 22

1.47

2.58

3.63

4.23

Q:6 If A denotes &lsquo;+&rsquo;, B denotes &lsquo;&times;&rsquo;, C denotes &lsquo;-&rsquo; and D denotes &lsquo;&divide;&rsquo;, then what will come in place of &lsquo;?&rsquo; in the following equation? (13 B 9) D 3 A (14 D 7) B 6 C 21 A (32 B 2) = ?

1.96

2.100

3.112

4.94

Q:7 The ratio of the present ages of Asha and Lata is 5 : 6. If the difference between their ages is 6 years, then what will be Lata&rsquo;s age after 5 years?

1.40

2.45

3.41

4.35

Q:8 The total of the ages of Amit and Suvarna on 1 January 2015 is 61 years. Amit is three years younger than Survana. What was the age of Survana on 1 January 2010?

1.29 years

2.32 years

3.27 years

4.24 years

Q:9 Arun is celebrating his birthday today. On his next birthday, he will be twice his age that was 12 years ago. How old is Arun today?&nbsp;

1.24 years

2.25 years

3.26 years

4.27 years

Q:10 Anusri is eleven years younger than Yashomati. Fifteen years from now, Yashomati&rsquo;s age will be three times Anusri&rsquo;s present age. What is Yashomati&rsquo;s present age?

1.21 years

2.24 years

3.20 years

4.23 years

<h2>Solutions of Arithmetic Reasoning Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) Given conditions: &times; and +, 3 and 9 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
I. 7 + 3 - 8 &divide; 2 &times; 9 = -26 
II. 4 &times; 9 - 3 + 8 &divide; 2 = - 29

Q:2 (3) Given conditions: &times; and &divide;, 7 and 9 
1. 9 &ndash; 7 &times; 2 + 6 &divide; 3 = 11 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 7 &ndash; 9 &divide; 2 + 6 &times; 3 = 11 = 20.50 is not equal to 11. 
2. 9 + 4 &times; 3 &ndash; 7 &divide; 1 = 40 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 7 + 4 &divide; 3 &ndash; 9 &times; 1 = 40 = -0.66 is not equal to 40. 
3. 8 &times; 3 &divide; 6 + 9 &ndash; 7 = 14 
After interchanging the expression becomes: 
= 8 &divide; 3 &times; 6 + 7 &ndash; 9 = 14 = 14 is equal to 14. 
As we have found our answer, so, there is no need of checking other options.

Q:3 (1) 9 and 8; + and &divide; 
The expression becomes:65 &divide; 13 - 118 + 32 &times; 9 = 175 
As we have found our answer, we need not to check the other options.

Q:4 (2) Sequentially replacing &times; sign with +, &times; , -, &divide;, = 
11 + 15 &times; 78 - 6 &divide; 18 = 160 
11 + 15 &times; 78 - 6 &divide; 18 = 1180.67 
Sequentially replacing &times; sign with &times;, +, &divide;, -, = 
11 &times; 15 + 78 &divide; 6 - 18 = 160 
In hit and trial the correct placement of signs is found in second step only. 
&times; in equations must be replaced with &times;, +, &divide;, -, = in order to make the equation correct.&nbsp;

Q:5 (3) The expression becomes: 29 @ 128 $ 16 % 7 # 22 = 63

Q:6 (4) Given conditions: A denotes &lsquo;+&rsquo;, B denotes &lsquo;&times;&rsquo;, C denotes &lsquo;-&rsquo; and D denotes &lsquo;&divide;&rsquo; 
After replacement the equation becomes: 
&rArr;(13 &times; 9) &divide; 3 + (14 &divide; 7) &times; 6 - 21 + (32 &times; 2) 
&rArr;94

Q:7 (3) Let Asha&rsquo;s age be 5x and Lata&rsquo;s age be 6x. 
Given: 6x - 5x = 6 
&rArr;x = 6 
Thus, Lata&rsquo;s current age = 6x = 6 &times; 6 = 36 
So, Lata&rsquo;s age after 5 years = 36 + 5 = 41 years.

Q:8 (3) Age of Amit + 3 = Age of Suvarna 
The total of the ages of Amit and Suvarna on 1 January 2015 = 61 years. 
Age of (Amit + Suvarna) = 61 years 
Age of (Amit + Amit + 3 ) = 61 years 
Age of Amit = 29 years (in 2015) 
Age of Suvarna on 1 January 2015 = Age of Amit + 3 = 29 + 3 = 32 
Age of Suvarna on 1 January 2010 = 32 - 5 = 27 years

Q:9 (2) Let the present age of Arun = x 
Age 12 years ago = x - 12 
Age on next birthday = x + 1 
x + 1 = 2(x - 12) 
x = 25 years

Q:10 (2) Let the age of Yashomati = x 
Then age of Anusri = x - 11 
According to the question; 
15 + x = 3 (age of Anusri) 
15 + x = 3 (x - 11) 
x = 24 
Age of Yashomati = 24years 
Age of Anusri = x - 11 = 24 - 11 = 13years

As we bring this exploration of Arithmetic Reasoning for the West Bengal Civil Services (WBCS) exam to a close, it&#39;s essential to reflect on the knowledge and skills we&#39;ve uncovered. Arithmetic Reasoning is more than just another subject on your syllabus; it&#39;s a cornerstone of reasoning that can significantly impact your performance in this challenging examination. I hope this blog has equipped you with the understanding and confidence needed to tackle Arithmetic Reasoning questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue practicing and refining your skills.

I invite you, our dedicated readers, to share your thoughts and experiences with us. Was this blog beneficial to your WBCS exam preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? We value your feedback and would love to hear from you in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your ultimate destination for detailed study material and practice questions on every topic of reasoning tailored to help you excel in the WBCS exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey towards success in the West Bengal Civil Services examination. Your commitment and hard work will undoubtedly lead you to your desired destination.

Learn and Practice Arithmetic Reasoning for WBCS

Arithmetic Reasoning - Complete Study Material for WBCS Exam

For those with a passion for upholding the law and ensuring the safety of their community, the West Bengal Police (WBP) exams serve as a gateway to a fulfilling career in law enforcement. The selection process for the WBP exams is known for its rigor and comprehensiveness, demanding a well-rounded skill set, including proficiency in reasoning. Among the myriad reasoning topics, "Clock and Calendar" emerges as an indispensable component. 

<img alt="clock and calendar concepts" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

This blog is thoughtfully designed to be your ultimate resource for mastering Clock and Calendar, a topic that can be a game-changer in your WBP exam preparation. We will break down the meaning of Clock and Calendar, explore its various types with examples, and provide a comprehensive guide to help you become proficient in this area. Acknowledging that practice is the foundation of proficiency, we have included an array of practice questions to sharpen your Clock and Calendar skills. By the end of this blog, you'll be well-prepared to tackle Clock and Calendar-related questions with confidence and precision, thus increasing your prospects of excelling in the West Bengal Police exams.

Let's embark on this journey together and pave the way for your success!

<h2 id="content-id-6815-0">The Concept of Clock</h2>

Clock has two types of hands i.e. Hour Hand and Minute Hand. Minute Hand is the longer hand in the clock, whereas Hour Hand is the shorter hand.

<img alt="clock and calendar concept of clock" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_clock_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

First, we all should know the basics of Clock:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory1" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory1.png" style="height:55px; width:250px">

As we know, Clock is in circle shape, so it covers 360º in angle.

1. In an hour, a minute hand covers a complete circle or 12 spaces. 
12 Spaces = 360º 
1 Space = 30º 
(1 Space = 5 minutes) 
1 Minute = 6º 
Therefore, a minute hand cover 6º angle in a minute.

2. In an hour, a hour hand covers 1 space. 
1 hour = 1 space 
60 minutes = 1 space 
60 minutes = 30º 
1 minute = 1/2º 
Therefore, an hour hand cover 1/2º angle in a minute.

3. Angle formation between Hour Hand and Minute Hand. 
30H - 11M ÷ 2 (H = Hours, M = Minutes)

4. When both the hands of a clock are in opposite direction to each other, as they are in gap of 30 minutes with each other, and they make 180º . This situation occurs:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory2" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory2.png" style="height:56px; width:250px">

5. When both the hands of a clock make 0º it is known as coincident or overlapping. This situation occurs:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory3" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory3.png" style="height:64px; width:250px">

Note: Overlapping between 12 and 1 is not possible.

6. When both the hands of a clock make right angle, as they are in gap of 15 minutes with each other, and they make 90º .

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory4" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory4.png" style="height:58px; width:250px">

Note: Between 2 and 3, 3 and 4, one right angle is common.

Example: What will be the angle between the hour and minute hands of the clock at 8:30?

1.75°  2.85°  3.105°  4.65°

Solution: (1) 75° 
The given question is to find the angle between the hour and minute hands of the clock at 8:30. 
Angle = [(30 × H) - (11 ÷ 2 × M )], (H = Hour, M = Minutes) 
Given time: 8:30 
H = 8, M = 30 
Angle = [(30 × 8) - (11 ÷ 2 × 30 )] = 240 - 165 = 75°

<h2 id="content-id-6815-1">The Concept of Calendar</h2>

Calendar is the chapter of Logical Reasoning. Aspirants can score easily from questions of this chapter. Aspirants must learn all the concepts and formulas to ace this topic.

<img alt="clock and calendar concept of calendar" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_calendar_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

In Calendar two types of years are important and used. 
1. Ordinary Year: Ordinary year is the year in which February has 28 days, and there is 52 weeks + 1 day. 
2. Leap Year: Leap year is the year in which February has 29 days, and there is 52 weeks + 2 days. 
 
In 100 years, there is 76 Ordinary Years, and 24 Leap Years. 
Now there is odd days in weeks, years, but what is odd days exactly? 
Odd Days When total number of days is divided by 7, then the remainder is called odd days. 
In Ordinary year: There is 1 odd days. 
In Leap year: There is 2 odd days. 
In 100 years: There is 76 Ordinary years and 24 Leap Years, which makes 76 odd days, and 48 odd days in ordinary year and leap year respectively. 
Therefore, Total Odd days in 100 years = 76 + 48 / 7 = 5 Odd days. 
Odd days in 100 years = 5 
Odd days in 200 years = 10 = 3 odd days 
Odd days in 300 years = 15 = 1 odd day 
Odd days in 400 years = 21 = 0 odd days. 
(As 400 year is a century year and also a leap year, so 1 day increased in this).

Important Note: 
• A year other than century year, divisible by 4 is called Leap Year. 
• A century year divisible completely by 400 is called Leap Century.

Number of odd days in Months:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory5" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory5.png" style="height:235px; width:300px">

Week Days Codes:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory6" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory6.png" style="height:154px; width:300px">

Example: How many odd days are there from 2002 to 200 year?

1.9  2.8  3.6  4.7

Solution: (1) 9 
We know that, Months Calculation Odd Days  
In an ordinary year, there are 365 days and on dividing 365 by 7, 
We get remainder = 1 so this extra one day is taken as an odd day. 
Similarly, in a leap year, there are 366 days and on dividing 366 by 7, 
We get remainder = 2 so these extra days are taken as the odd days. 
Thus, the remainder, which we get after dividing the number of days by 7 is considered as odd days. 
From 2002 to 2008 years, 
The number of odd days in 2002 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2003 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2004 = 2 (leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2005 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2006 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2007 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2008 = 2 (leap year) 
Total = 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 9 odd days.

<h2 id="content-id-6815-2">Clock and Calendar Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 What is the measure of the smaller of the two angles formed between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when it is 5 : 49 p.m.? 

1.119º

2.119.5º

3.120º

4.120.5º

Q:2 3rd January 2018 was a Wednesday. Which of the following years will also have 3rd January on a Wednesday? 

1.2020

2.2024

3.2023

4.2022

Q:3 Sita told her friend Gita “I am leaving today and will reach Mumbai tomorrow for my exams starting the day after tomorrow, which is Friday”. What day is tomorrow in this conversation? [

1.Wednesday

2.Thursday

3.Tuesday

4.Saturday

Q:4 If 21st June 2007 was a Thursday, then what was the day of the week on 21st June 2011? 

1.Wednesday

2.Monday

3.Sunday

4.Tuesday

<h2 id="content-id-6815-3">Solutions of Clock and Calendar Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) We know the direct formula for the angle between the hour and minute hand of the clock: = (11/2) × M – 30 × H 
M is for minutes and H is for Hours 
Given time: 5 : 49 
H = 5 and M = 49 
Hence, Angle = (11/2) × 49 – 30 × 5 = 269.5 – 150 = 119.5º

Q:2 (2) Logic: When we proceed forward by one year, then 1 day is gained and vice versa. 
When we proceed forward by one leap year, then 2 days are gained and vice versa. 
If any year is divided by 4 without any reminder then that year is known as a leap year. 
2018/4 = 504 and the remainder is 2. So this year is not a leap year. 
2018 is not a leap year, so the 3rd of January 2018 is Wednesday. 
2019: 3 January = Thursday, 
2020: leap year, so 3 January = Friday, 
2021: 3 January = Sunday, 
2022: 3 January = Monday, 
2023: 3 January = Tuesday, 
2024: leap year, so 3 January = Wednesday. 
Thus 3rd January 2024 is a Wednesday.

Q:3 (2) Sita told her friend Gita “I am leaving today and will reach Mumbai tomorrow for my exams starting the day after tomorrow, which is Friday” 
Day after tomorrow is Friday. So, tomorrow will be ‘Thursday’.

Q:4 (4) No. of odd days from 21st June 2007 to 21st June 2008 = 2 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2008 to 21st June 2009 = 1 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2009 to 21st June 2010 = 1 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2010 to 21st June 2011 = 1 
Total number of odd days = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5  
The day of the week on 21st June 2011 = The day of the week on 21st June 2007 + 5 days = Thursday + 5 days = Tuesday

As we bring this exploration of Clock and Calendar for the West Bengal Police (WBP) exams to a close, it's essential to reflect on the knowledge and skills we've uncovered. Clock and Calendar reasoning is more than just another topic in your exam preparation; it's a critical component of your reasoning toolkit that can significantly impact your performance in these challenging exams. I hope this blog has provided you with the understanding and confidence needed to tackle Clock and Calendar related questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue honing your skills in this area.

Your feedback and experiences matter to us. Was this blog beneficial in your WBP exam preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? We invite you to share your thoughts and insights in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your ultimate resource for comprehensive study material and practice questions on various reasoning topics tailored to help you excel in the WBP exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey towards success in the West Bengal Police exams. Your dedication and hard work will undoubtedly lead you to your desired destination.

For those with a passion for upholding the law and ensuring the safety of their community, the West Bengal Police (WBP) exams serve as a gateway to a fulfilling career in law enforcement. The selection process for the WBP exams is known for its rigor and comprehensiveness, demanding a well-rounded skill set, including proficiency in reasoning. Among the myriad reasoning topics, &quot;Clock and Calendar&quot; emerges as an indispensable component.&nbsp;

<img alt="clock and calendar concepts" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

This blog is thoughtfully designed to be your ultimate resource for mastering Clock and Calendar, a topic that can be a game-changer in your WBP exam preparation. We will break down the meaning of Clock and Calendar, explore its various types with examples, and provide a comprehensive guide to help you become proficient in this area. Acknowledging that practice is the foundation of proficiency, we have included an array of practice questions to sharpen your Clock and Calendar skills. By the end of this blog, you&#39;ll be well-prepared to tackle Clock and Calendar-related questions with confidence and precision, thus increasing your prospects of excelling in the West Bengal Police exams.

Let&#39;s embark on this journey together and pave the way for your success!

<h2>The Concept of Clock</h2>

Clock has two types of hands i.e. Hour Hand and Minute Hand. Minute Hand is the longer hand in the clock, whereas Hour Hand is the shorter hand.

<img alt="clock and calendar concept of clock" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_clock_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

First, we all should know the basics of Clock:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory1" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory1.png" style="height:55px; width:250px" />

As we know, Clock is in circle shape, so it covers 360&ordm;&nbsp;in angle.

1. In an hour, a minute hand covers a complete circle or 12 spaces. 
12 Spaces = 360&ordm; 
1 Space = 30&ordm; 
(1 Space = 5 minutes) 
1 Minute = 6&ordm; 
Therefore, a minute hand cover 6&ordm; angle in a minute.

2. In an hour, a hour hand covers 1 space. 
1 hour = 1 space 
60 minutes = 1 space 
60 minutes = 30&ordm; 
1 minute = 1/2&ordm; 
Therefore, an hour hand cover 1/2&ordm; angle in a minute.

3. Angle formation between Hour Hand and Minute Hand. 
30H - 11M &divide; 2 (H = Hours, M = Minutes)

4. When both the hands of a clock are in opposite direction to each other, as they are in gap of 30 minutes with&nbsp;each other, and they make 180&ordm; . This situation occurs:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory2" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory2.png" style="height:56px; width:250px" />

5. When both the hands of a clock make 0&ordm; it is known as coincident or overlapping. This situation occurs:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory3" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory3.png" style="height:64px; width:250px" />

Note: Overlapping between 12 and 1 is not possible.

6. When both the hands of a clock make right angle, as they are in gap of 15 minutes with each other, and they make 90&ordm; .

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory4" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory4.png" style="height:58px; width:250px" />

Note: Between 2 and 3, 3 and 4, one right angle is common.

Example: What will be the angle between the hour and minute hands of the clock at 8:30?

1.75&deg;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.85&deg;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.105&deg;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.65&deg;

Solution: (1) 75&deg; 
The given question is to find the angle between the hour and minute hands of the clock at 8:30. 
Angle = [(30 &times; H) - (11 &divide; 2 &times; M )], (H = Hour, M = Minutes) 
Given time: 8:30 
H = 8, M = 30 
Angle = [(30 &times; 8) - (11 &divide; 2 &times; 30 )] = 240 - 165 = 75&deg;

<h2>The Concept of Calendar</h2>

Calendar is the chapter of Logical Reasoning. Aspirants can score easily from questions of this chapter. Aspirants must learn all the concepts and formulas to ace this topic.

<img alt="clock and calendar concept of calendar" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/clock_and_calendar_calendar_concepts.webp" style="height:338px; width:600px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

In Calendar two types of years are important and used. 
1. Ordinary Year: Ordinary year is the year in which February has 28 days, and there is 52 weeks + 1 day. 
2. Leap Year: Leap year is the year in which February has 29 days, and there is 52 weeks + 2 days. 
 
In 100 years, there is 76 Ordinary Years, and 24 Leap Years. 
Now there is odd days in weeks, years, but what is odd days exactly? 
Odd Days When total number of days is divided by 7, then the remainder is called odd days. 
In Ordinary year: There is 1 odd days. 
In Leap year: There is 2 odd days. 
In 100 years: There is 76 Ordinary years and 24 Leap Years, which makes 76 odd days, and 48 odd days in ordinary year and leap year respectively. 
Therefore, Total Odd days in 100 years = 76 + 48 / 7 = 5 Odd days. 
Odd days in 100 years = 5 
Odd days in 200 years = 10 = 3 odd days 
Odd days in 300 years = 15 = 1 odd day 
Odd days in 400 years = 21 = 0 odd days. 
(As 400 year is a century year and also a leap year, so 1 day increased in this).

Important Note: 
&bull; A year other than century year, divisible by 4 is called Leap Year. 
&bull; A century year divisible completely by 400 is called Leap Century.

Number of odd days in Months:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory5" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory5.png" style="height:235px; width:300px" />

Week Days Codes:

<img alt="Clock and Calendar theory6" src="https://study.kdcampus.live/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Clock and Calendar theory6.png" style="height:154px; width:300px" />

Example: How many odd days are there from 2002 to 200 year?

1.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4.7

Solution: (1) 9 
We know that, Months Calculation Odd Days&nbsp; 
In an ordinary year, there are 365 days and on dividing 365 by 7, 
We get remainder = 1 so this extra one day is taken as an odd day. 
Similarly, in a leap year, there are 366 days and on dividing 366 by 7, 
We get remainder = 2 so these extra days are taken as the odd days. 
Thus, the remainder, which we get after dividing the number of days by 7 is considered as odd days. 
From 2002 to 2008 years, 
The number of odd days in 2002 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2003 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2004 = 2 (leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2005 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2006 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2007 = 1 (Non-leap year) 
The number of odd days in 2008 = 2 (leap year) 
Total = 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 9 odd days.

<h2>Clock and Calendar Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 What is the measure of the smaller of the two angles formed between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when it is 5 : 49 p.m.?&nbsp;

1.119&ordm;

2.119.5&ordm;

3.120&ordm;

4.120.5&ordm;

Q:2 3rd January 2018 was a Wednesday. Which of the following years will also have 3rd January on a Wednesday?&nbsp;

1.2020

2.2024

3.2023

4.2022

Q:3 Sita told her friend Gita &ldquo;I am leaving today and will reach Mumbai tomorrow for my exams starting the day after tomorrow, which is Friday&rdquo;. What day is tomorrow in this conversation? [

1.Wednesday

2.Thursday

3.Tuesday

4.Saturday

Q:4 If 21st June 2007 was a Thursday, then what was the day of the week on 21st June 2011?&nbsp;

1.Wednesday

2.Monday

3.Sunday

4.Tuesday

<h2>Solutions of Clock and Calendar Practice Questions</h2>

Q:1 (2) We know the direct formula for the angle between the hour and minute hand of the clock: = (11/2) &times; M &ndash; 30 &times; H 
M is for minutes and H is for Hours 
Given time: 5 : 49 
H = 5 and M = 49 
Hence, Angle = (11/2) &times; 49 &ndash; 30 &times; 5 = 269.5 &ndash; 150 = 119.5&ordm;

Q:2 (2) Logic: When we proceed forward by one year, then 1 day is gained and vice versa. 
When we proceed forward by one leap year, then 2 days are gained and vice versa. 
If any year is divided by 4 without any reminder then that year is known as a leap year. 
2018/4 = 504 and the remainder is 2. So this year is not a leap year. 
2018 is not a leap year, so the 3rd of January 2018 is Wednesday. 
2019: 3 January = Thursday, 
2020: leap year, so 3 January = Friday, 
2021: 3 January = Sunday, 
2022: 3 January = Monday, 
2023: 3 January = Tuesday, 
2024: leap year, so 3 January = Wednesday. 
Thus 3rd January 2024 is a Wednesday.

Q:3 (2) Sita told her friend Gita &ldquo;I am leaving today and will reach Mumbai tomorrow for my exams starting the day after tomorrow, which is Friday&rdquo; 
Day after tomorrow is Friday. So, tomorrow will be &lsquo;Thursday&rsquo;.

Q:4 (4) No. of odd days from 21st June 2007 to 21st June 2008 = 2 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2008 to 21st June 2009 = 1 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2009 to 21st June 2010 = 1 
No. of odd days from 21st June 2010 to 21st June 2011 = 1 
Total number of odd days = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5&nbsp; 
The day of the week on 21st June 2011 = The day of the week on 21st June 2007 + 5 days&nbsp;= Thursday + 5 days&nbsp;= Tuesday

As we bring this exploration of Clock and Calendar for the West Bengal Police (WBP) exams to a close, it&#39;s essential to reflect on the knowledge and skills we&#39;ve uncovered. Clock and Calendar reasoning is more than just another topic in your exam preparation; it&#39;s a critical component of your reasoning toolkit that can significantly impact your performance in these challenging exams. I hope this blog has provided you with the understanding and confidence needed to tackle Clock and Calendar related questions effectively, and I encourage you to continue honing your skills in this area.

Your feedback and experiences matter to us. Was this blog beneficial in your WBP exam preparation? How did you perform on the practice questions provided? We invite you to share your thoughts and insights in the comment section below. Remember, <a href="https://www.thedhronas.com/blog">The Dhronas</a> is your ultimate resource for comprehensive study material and practice questions on various reasoning topics tailored to help you excel in the WBP exams. So, stay engaged, keep visiting, and continue your journey towards success in the West Bengal Police exams. Your dedication and hard work will undoubtedly lead you to your desired destination.

Learn and Practice Clock and Calendar topic for WBP exams

Clock and Calendar - Reasoning Concepts for WBP Exams

Embarking on the path to become a West Bengal Civil Service (WBCS) officer is a journey of determination and dedication. One of the initial and crucial milestones on this journey is conquering the WBCS Prelims examination. This blog is your essential guide to not just crack, but excel in the WBCS Prelims. Whether you are a first-time aspirant or looking to enhance your preparation strategy, we've got you covered.

<img alt="wbcs prelims logo" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/wbcs_prelims_logo.webp" style="height:200px; width:200px">

[Source: The Dhronas]

In this blog, you will find expert tips, comprehensive study material, and practice tests tailored to equip you with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed. So, let's begin your WBCS Prelims journey with confidence and competence.

Lets learn some equations first, which are essential for WBCS Prelims exam:

⇒ $x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}$

⇒ $x = {\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}$

&nbsp;Embarking on the path to become a West Bengal Civil Service (WBCS) officer is a journey of determination and dedication. One of the initial and crucial milestones on this journey is conquering the WBCS Prelims examination. This blog is your essential guide to not just crack, but excel in the WBCS Prelims. Whether you are a first-time aspirant or looking to enhance your preparation strategy, we&#39;ve got you covered.

<img alt="wbcs prelims logo" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/wbcs_prelims_logo.webp" style="height:200px; width:200px" />

[Source: The Dhronas]

In this blog, you will find expert tips, comprehensive study material, and practice tests tailored to equip you with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed. So, let&#39;s begin your WBCS Prelims journey with confidence and competence.

Lets learn some equations first, which are essential for WBCS Prelims exam:

&rArr;&nbsp;$x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}$

&rArr;&nbsp;$x = {\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}$

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Prepare yourself for WBCS Prelims

Cracking WBCS Prelims - Your Path to Success

WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2019 - Questions with Answer Key

WBCS Prelims Previous Year Paper 2019 Solutions - Download PDF

Top 30 Weekly Current Affairs - 7th to 12th October 2023

The Dhronas offers a convenient solution for keeping abreast of global weekly current affairs. Our aim is to provide succinct and enlightening digests of the week's most significant news stories, saving you valuable time typically spent sifting through lengthy news articles. Our weekly current affairs summaries cater to individuals with busy schedules, delivering concise, engaging, and easily digestible content that spans diverse subjects, including politics, business, sports, and entertainment.

In today's blog, we'll delve into the weekly current affairs spanning from October 13th to October 18th, 2023. By exploring these current affairs, you can remain well-informed. Additionally, you have the option to download a PDF version of the weekly current affairs for your convenience. Let's check this news from West Bengal.

<h2 id="content-id-11301-0">Weekly Current Affairs of West Bengal</h2>

<h3 style="text-align:start">West Bengal government to help farmers save water with financial assistance</h3>

The West Bengal government has announced a new scheme to provide financial assistance to farmers who adopt water-saving irrigation practices. This is a welcome move, as it will help farmers to reduce their costs and increase their yields. The scheme will provide financial assistance for the installation of water-saving irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. These systems are more efficient than traditional irrigation methods, as they deliver water directly to the roots of the plants. This reduces evaporation and waste, and helps to save water.

<img alt="West Bengal government to help farmers save water with financial assistance" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal government to help farmers save water with financial assistance.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: Telegraph India]

<h3>West Bengal Chief Minister inaugurates new medical college</h3>

The Chief Minister of West Bengal inaugurated a new medical college in the state on October 24, 2023. The medical college will have an annual intake of 100 students. The new medical college is a significant step towards improving the quality of healthcare in the state. It will increase the number of doctors in the state and make healthcare more accessible to people in rural and remote areas.

<h3>West Bengal government announces new scholarship scheme for economically weaker students</h3>

The West Bengal government has announced a new scholarship scheme to provide financial assistance to students from economically weaker sections of society. This is a commendable move, as it will help students to pursue higher education and improve their lives. The scholarship scheme will be open to students from all levels of education, from primary school to university. Students will be eligible for the scholarship based on their academic merit and their family income.

<img alt="West Bengal government announces new scholarship scheme for economically weaker students" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal government announces new scholarship scheme for economically weaker students.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: The Economic Times

<h3 style="text-align:start">West Bengal government organizes workshop on climate change adaptation for farmers</h3>

The West Bengal government organized a workshop on climate change adaptation for farmers on October 23, 2023. The workshop aimed to educate farmers about the impact of climate change on agriculture and to teach them how to adapt to these changes. The workshop covered a wide range of topics, including the basics of climate change, the different types of climate change impacts on agriculture, and adaptation strategies for farmers. The workshop also featured case studies from farmers who have successfully adapted to climate change.

<h3>West Bengal government organizes workshop on entrepreneurship for women</h3>

The West Bengal government organized a workshop on entrepreneurship for women on October 22, 2023. The workshop aimed to encourage women to start their own businesses and to provide them with the skills and knowledge they need to be successful. The workshop covered a wide range of topics, including the basics of starting a business, marketing and sales, and financial management. The workshop also featured case studies from successful women entrepreneurs.

<img alt="West Bengal government organizes workshop on entrepreneurship for women" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/West Bengal government organizes workshop on entrepreneurship for women.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: Startupindia.gov.in]

<h2 id="content-id-11301-1">National Weekly Current Affairs</h2>

<h3 dir="ltr">Kaushal Deekshant Samaroh</h3>

The Skill India will organise a grand "Kaushal Convocation " to recognise and honour the candidates who have completed their training under the various schemes and programmes of Skill India. It was launched with an aim to promote Skill based education in line with the aspirations of 21st century learners.

<img alt="Kaushal Deekshant Samaroh" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Kaushal Deekshant Samaroh.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>Lek Ladki Yojana launched by Maharashtra Government </h3>

The Maharashtra Government launched the Lek Ladki Yojana (Dear Daughter Scheme) for families with annual income upto one lakh. The Shinde government also approved disbursement of 1720 crore to farmers as the first tranche of funds under Namo Shetkari Mahadsanman Nidhi Yojana by issuing Government Resolution.

<h3 dir="ltr">141st International Olympic Committee Session</h3>

The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi inaugurated the 141st International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session at the Jio World Centre in Mumbai. The IOCs 86th Session was held in New Delhi in 1983.

<h3 dir="ltr">Piyush Goyal chairs Chintan Shivir with Industrialists</h3>

Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs, Shri Piyush Goyal chaired a Chintan Shivir with Industrialists on "Unleashing the power of India's Manufacturing Industry. The Minister asked the industries to accelerate production activity and make India a global hub for manufacturing.

<img alt="Piyush Goyal chairs Chintan Shivir with Industrialists" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Piyush Goyal chairs Chintan Shivir with Industrialists.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>8th BRICS International Competition Conferences 2023</h3>

Chairperson of National Company Law Tribunal (NCLAT), Justice Ashok Bhushan inaugurated the 8th BRICS International Competition Conference (BRICS ICC) 2023. The Competition Commission of India is hosting the conference on the The theme "New Issues in Competition Law and Policy- Dimensions, Perspectives, Challenges.

<h3 dir="ltr">Women and Water Dialogue Series</h3>

The 5th event of Women and Water Dialogue Series was held at the Boat Club House in Prayagraj on the occasion of International Day of the Girl Child. It is a programme started during the Ganga Utsav 2022 to highlight the pivotal role of women in the Water sector.

<img alt="Women and Water Dialogue Series" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Women and Water Dialogue Series.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>India ranks 111th in Global Hunger index</h3>

India with a score of 28.7 ranked 111th out of 125 countries in the Global hunger Index (GHI) 2023 report. India ranked 107th out of 121 in 2022. South Asia and Africa South of Sahara recorded the highest regional hunger levels both with a GHI score of 27.

<h3 dir="ltr">MoU between ICAR and IIT Kanpur to support startups</h3>

A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Pusa Krishi, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Start-Up incubation and Innovation Centre (SIIC), IIT Kanpur to support incubators and startups.

<h3>5th National Water Awards 2023</h3>

The Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation has launched the 5th National Water Awards 2023 on Rashtriya Puraskar Portal. 

<img alt="5th National Water Awards 2023" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/5th National Water Awards 2023.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3>54th International Film Festival of India </h3>

Hollywood Actor and Producer Michael Douglas to attend 54th International Film Festival of India to receive Prestigious Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award. The announcement was made by Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting Anurag Thakur.

<h3 dir="ltr">MoU between REC and NICSI for Digital Transformation </h3>

The Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) a Maharatna Company under the Ministry of Power signed a MoU with National Informatics Centre Services (NICSI) under National Informatics Centre for Information and Communications Technology and Digital Transformation Services. 

<h3 dir="ltr">RITES and IRCON granted Navratna Status</h3>

Inconvenience International Limited (IRCON) and RITES Ltd both Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under Ministry of Railways have been announced as 15th and 16th Navratna among CPSEs. The Ministry of Finance conferred the Navratna Status.

<h3>Self Declaration of Freedom from Avian Influenza</h3>

The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) has approved the Self declaration of Freedom from Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza(HPAI) in Indian Poultry Compartments. The achievement is a testament to India's commitment to maintaining high standards of animal health and biosecurity.

<img alt="Self Declaration of Freedom from Avian Influenza" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Self Declaration of Freedom from Avian Influenza.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3 dir="ltr">Nagaland Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (NIMSR) </h3>

Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare Dr Mansukh Mandaviya inaugurated the Nagaland Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (NIMSR) in Kohima, Nagaland. It is the first Medical College in Nagaland.

<h3 dir="ltr">Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC)</h3>

The 1337 Kilometre length of the 51,000 crore Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) was declared Operational. The development comes after the successful trial run of the first freight train over 401 km long Sahnewal (Punjab) to New Khurja (Uttar pradesh).

<img alt="Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC)" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC).webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: Wikipedia]

<h3 dir="ltr">Samau Shaheed Memorial and Library</h3>

Union Minister of Home and Corporate Affairs Amit Shah inaugurated Samau Shaheed Memorial and Library in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The Memorial will serve to immortalise12 heroes who sacrificed their lives in 1857 during the freedom struggle in Samau.

<h3>50th Foundation Day of Central Electricity Authority.</h3>

The Central Electricity Authority, an organisation under the Ministry of Power, celebrated its 50th foundation day on October 15. The Organisation provides technical and Policy support to the government and to all other stakeholders in the power sector.

<h3 dir="ltr">Team RPF runs at Delhi Half Marathon 2023</h3>

A 25 member team of Railway Protection Force (RPF) participated in the Delhi Half Marathon 2023 to promote the cause of safe and secure travel on trains for women. The objective behind the run was to create public awareness about various initiatives of RPF aimed at promoting Women's safety and security on the Indian Railways Network.

<h3 dir="ltr">Super Power Retailer Program</h3>

The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) partners with Coca Cola India to launch the Super Power Retailer Program under the Skill India Mission. It is being launched to empower the Retailer community in the states of Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.

<img alt="Super Power Retailer Program" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Super Power Retailer Program.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

<h3 dir="ltr">Global Maritime India Summit 2023</h3>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Global Maritime India Summit 2023. The Summit will be held at MMRDA Grounds in Mumbai. The Prime Minister will also unveil Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, the long term blueprint for the Indian Maritime Blue Economy.

<h3 dir="ltr">75th Foundation of NDA, Khadakwasla</h3>

The National Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla organised the first ever marathon as part of its year long celebrations to commemorate 75 years of its existence. Over 13500 people took part in the marathon.

<h3 dir="ltr">Ram Temple themed Durga Puja Pandal</h3>

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah inaugurated a Ram Temple themed Durga Puja pandal in Sealdah, West Bengal. The Durga Pandal is spreading the message of Ram Mandir all across the world even before its completion in Ayodhya.

<img alt="Ram Temple themed Durga Puja Pandal" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Ram Temple themed Durga Puja Pandal.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: Hindustan Times]

<h3 dir="ltr">69th National Film Awards</h3>

The President of India Shri Droupadi Murmu presented the 69th National Film Awards in various categories in New Delhi. The Star studded event honoured the most talented individuals in the Film industry. The Nambi effect directed by R Madhavan was recognized as the Best Feature Film while The Kashmir Files received the Nargis Dutt award for best Feature Film on National Integration.

<h3 dir="ltr">MoU between NICF and IICA</h3>

A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) and National Institute of Communication Finance (NICF) for academic and Research Collaboration to synergize Professional capabilities of both institutions.

<h3 dir="ltr">Looking for Challan garners prestigious National Film award</h3>

A poignant Film "Looking for Challan" produced by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) clinched the coveted National Award for "Best Investigative Film" category. It is directed by Bappa Ray. The film was honoured with the prestigious "Rajat Kamal" (Certificate of Excellence" and a cash prize of Rs 50,000.

<img alt="Looking for Challan garners prestigious National Film award" src="https://www.thedhronas.com/admin/assets/uploads/ckeditor/Looking for Challan garners prestigious National Film award.webp" style="height:200px; width:400px"> 
[Image Source: PIB]

Being well-versed in the developments of the week's current affairs enables us to actively participate as responsible citizens. It allows us to gain insights into matters that hold significance for our communities and empowers us to actively contribute our opinions.

In the contemporary landscape, the significance of staying abreast of weekly current affairs cannot be overstated. We will reconvene in our next current affairs blog. In the meantime, you have the option to access a downloadable PDF of this week's current affairs.